Penal Code Table
Show the fields you need, hide the noisy ones.
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | assault | EF-PC-01-001 | EF-PC-01-001-A | Assault | Unlawful attempts, threats, or acts done with present ability to apply force to another person, with aggravated treatment for deadly weapons or force likely to cause serious injury. | assault | Assault | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;person;victim-specific;violent | 64.1 | 200 | 5 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;minor-injury;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.4 time x0.5 | Assault focuses on unlawful attempts, threats, or acts done with present ability to apply force to another person. | Physical contact or injury is not required if the suspect took a direct act or made an immediate threat with present ability to apply unlawful force. | The threat or attempted force must be immediate rather than vague, conditional, or only future-facing. | Pointing a firearm, drawing back to strike, lunging, chasing within striking range, or other conduct showing present ability may support assault even if no contact occurs. | If a deadly weapon, firearm, or force likely to cause serious injury is used, evaluate Aggravated Assault rather than relying only on this degree. | Reports should document words, gestures, distance, present ability, victim reaction, weapons or dangerous instruments, and why imminent force was reasonably feared. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | assault | EF-PC-01-001 | EF-PC-01-001-B | Assault | Unlawful attempts, threats, or acts done with present ability to apply force to another person, with aggravated treatment for deadly weapons or force likely to cause serious injury. | aggravated-assault | Aggravated Assault | felony | felony;person;victim-specific;violent | 168 | 325 | 15 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;firearm-discharged;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Aggravated assault focuses on assaultive conduct involving a deadly weapon, firearm, dangerous instrument, or force likely to cause serious bodily injury. | Physical contact, injury, or Stage 1 incapacitation is not required if the suspect took a direct act with present ability to apply deadly or serious-injury force. | Shooting at, stabbing at, striking at, driving toward, or otherwise using a deadly weapon or force likely to cause serious bodily injury may support this degree even if the victim is not hit. | Use of a weapon or dangerous instrument is built into this degree and should be documented as part of the Aggravated Assault facts. | If reports show a specific intent to kill plus a direct step toward killing, attempted murder may apply instead of or in addition to Aggravated Assault. | When a victim reaches Stage 1 incapacitation, officers should evaluate attempted murder, torture, aggravated battery, or homicide-stage charges based on intent, continued harm, and whether the victim later reaches Stage 2. | Reports should document the act, present ability, weapon or force used, range and direction, victim reaction, injuries if any, witness accounts, and any self-defense or consent claim. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | battery | EF-PC-01-002 | EF-PC-01-002-A | Battery | Unlawful physical contact, force, or violence causing bodily injury or offensive contact. | battery | Battery | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;person;victim-specific;violent | 166.6 | 275 | 15 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;minor-injury;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Battery focuses on unlawful physical contact or force that causes injury or offensive contact. | The contact may be direct or indirect, including contact through an object or item closely connected to the victim. | Battery requires actual contact or force, unlike assault which may be based on reasonable fear without contact. | Reports should document the contact, injury or offensive nature, victim reaction, physical evidence, witnesses, and any self-defense or consent claim. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | battery | EF-PC-01-002 | EF-PC-01-002-B | Battery | Unlawful physical contact, force, or violence causing bodily injury or offensive contact. | aggravated-battery | Aggravated Battery | felony | felony;person;victim-specific;violent | 219.4 | 375 | 20 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;firearm-discharged;on-release | principal fine x1 time x1 | Aggravated battery focuses on intentional unlawful force that causes more serious bodily injury or harmful contact. | The conduct should involve intentional force and actual injury, significant pain, or harmful offensive contact. | Intentional force that causes Stage 1 incapacitation but does not result in Stage 2 should generally be evaluated as Aggravated Battery unless the facts show intent to kill supporting attempted murder. | Additional damage to a Stage 1 victim that does not cause Stage 2 may support Aggravated Battery, torture, or attempted murder depending on intent, injury, duration, and surrounding facts. | Use of a weapon, multiple victims, protected public-servant status, or lack of aid should be documented for applicable modifiers. | Reports should document injuries, medical treatment, force used, weapon or instrument, witness accounts, victim statements, and any justification claimed. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | manslaughter | EF-PC-01-003 | EF-PC-01-003-A | Manslaughter | Unlawful killings caused without murder-level malice, including criminal negligence and vehicle-related negligent killings. | involuntary-manslaughter | Involuntary Manslaughter | felony | felony;homicide;person;victim-specific;violent | 227.4 | 750 | 20 | cooperation;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Involuntary manslaughter focuses on an unintentional killing caused by criminal negligence or a non-murder unlawful act. | The death must be caused by the suspect's criminally negligent conduct, criminal accident, or unlawful act. | This degree should be distinguished from murder when facts show malice, intent to kill, or extreme reckless disregard for life. | A suspect may cause a Stage 2 death even when Stage 1 incapacitation or fatal bleeding develops later, so long as the suspect's criminally negligent conduct or unlawful act remains a substantial cause of death. | When both Stage 1 incapacitation and Stage 2 death result from accidental, negligent, or otherwise unintentional conduct, Involuntary Manslaughter is the default homicide charge if criminal negligence or an unlawful act caused the death. | If an unrelated later act, independent medical event, or separate emergency is the primary cause of Stage 2, officers should not charge manslaughter against the earlier actor unless that actor's conduct remained a substantial factor in the death. | If the suspect intentionally caused Stage 1 or knowingly allowed Stage 2 to occur after creating a life-threatening condition, officers should evaluate murder rather than manslaughter. | Reports should document cause of death, suspect conduct, negligence facts, timeline, witnesses, medical findings, and why murder-level intent or malice is absent. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | manslaughter | EF-PC-01-003 | EF-PC-01-003-B | Manslaughter | Unlawful killings caused without murder-level malice, including criminal negligence and vehicle-related negligent killings. | vehicular-manslaughter | Vehicular Manslaughter | felony | felony;homicide;person;victim-specific;violent | 277.4 | 750 | 25 | cooperation;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Vehicular manslaughter focuses on a death caused by negligent or unlawful vehicle operation. | The suspect must be operating or in actual physical control of a vehicle and that operation must cause the death. | This degree should be distinguished from ordinary traffic offenses and from murder when facts show intentional killing or extreme disregard for life. | A vehicle collision or unlawful vehicle operation may cause a later Stage 1 incapacitation or Stage 2 death through bleeding or deterioration if the vehicle conduct remains a substantial cause of death. | When vehicle operation accidentally or negligently causes Stage 1 incapacitation and the victim later reaches Stage 2, Vehicular Manslaughter is the default charge if the death is caused by the vehicle conduct and murder-level intent is absent. | If a later unrelated act or independent medical event is the primary cause of Stage 2, officers should not rely only on the earlier vehicle contact unless the vehicle conduct remained a substantial factor in the death. | If the vehicle is intentionally used as a weapon to cause Stage 1 or Stage 2, officers should evaluate attempted murder or murder instead of treating the case only as vehicular manslaughter. | Reports should document vehicle operation, collision facts, traffic violations, speed, impairment if any, cause of death, witnesses, and crash reconstruction or scene evidence. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | murder | EF-PC-01-004 | EF-PC-01-004-A | Murder | Unlawful killings committed with malice, intent, premeditation, felony-murder circumstances, or related attempt and accessory liability. | second-degree-murder | Second Degree Murder | felony | felony;homicide;person;victim-specific;violent | 554.8 | 3000 | 50 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;firearm-discharged;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.2857 time x0.625;attempted fine x0.86 time x0.75;conspiracy fine x0.9 time x0.9 | Second degree murder focuses on unlawful killing with malice or extreme reckless disregard without premeditation. | The killing may be intentional or based on conscious disregard for human life, but it lacks the planning or deliberation required for first degree murder. | Intentional conduct that creates a life-threatening bleed or injury may support Second Degree Murder if the victim later reaches Stage 1 or Stage 2 and the suspect's conduct remains a substantial cause of death. | Intentional Stage 1 incapacitation followed by Stage 2 death through the bleed-out timer is ordinarily Second Degree Murder when the suspect created a life-threatening condition but the facts do not show premeditation, continued damage, or deliberate prevention of rescue. | When a suspect intentionally or recklessly creates a life-threatening condition and then knowingly abandons the victim, fails to seek available aid, or allows Stage 2 to occur, officers should evaluate Second Degree Murder unless the facts show premeditation or deliberate use of delay as the killing method. | When one person causes Stage 1 and another person later causes Stage 2, charge each actor according to their own conduct, intent, and causal role; the first actor may face murder, attempted murder, or aggravated battery depending on whether their conduct remained a substantial cause of death. | Coordinated group violence that collectively causes Stage 2 may support principal, aiding-and-abetting, or conspiracy liability when the participants shared the violent purpose or knowingly assisted the life-threatening attack. | Shooting at or otherwise attacking a person with a deadly weapon without causing Stage 1 should ordinarily be charged as Aggravated Assault unless independent facts show a specific intent to kill and a direct step toward killing. | Attempted murder and accessory liability should use the listed liability options when the facts support those roles. | Reports should document cause of death, suspect intent or reckless disregard, weapon or method, timeline, statements, witnesses, and why first degree premeditation is not established. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | murder | EF-PC-01-004 | EF-PC-01-004-B | Murder | Unlawful killings committed with malice, intent, premeditation, felony-murder circumstances, or related attempt and accessory liability. | first-degree-murder | First Degree Murder | felony | felony;homicide;person;victim-specific;violent | 713.2 | 4000 | 65 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;firearm-discharged;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.6 time x0.7;attempted fine x0.85 time x0.75;conspiracy fine x0.9 time x0.9 | First degree murder is reserved for premeditated killings and qualifying felony-murder circumstances. | Premeditation may be shown by planning, motive, preparation, manner of killing, prior threats, or other facts showing reflection before the act. | Premeditation does not require advance knowledge of the victim's exact identity if the suspect deliberately targeted a specific person, identifiable group, occupied location, occupied vehicle, or other sufficiently defined target. | In Stage 1 and Stage 2 terms, intentionally continuing to damage an already incapacitated Stage 1 victim until they reach Stage 2 should ordinarily be treated as First Degree Murder. | A Stage 2 death caused by the bleed-out timer may support First Degree Murder when the suspect deliberately uses the delay as the killing method, including by preventing aid, delaying rescue, hiding or moving the victim, threatening responders, guarding the scene, or otherwise ensuring death after time for reflection. | Additional damage to a Stage 1 victim that does not cause Stage 2 should not be charged as completed murder by itself, but may support attempted murder, aggravated battery, torture, or other applicable charges based on intent and injury. | Intentional Stage 1 incapacitation may support attempted murder when reports show intent to kill through weapon choice, target area, repeated attacks, statements, pursuit of the victim, or other circumstances showing the suspect meant to cause death rather than only injury. | When multiple actors are involved, the person who intentionally delivers the Stage 2-causing damage or deliberately prevents aid may support First Degree Murder if the facts show premeditation, reflection, or a deliberate killing method; other participants should be charged based on their own intent, assistance, and causal role. | Qualifying felony-murder circumstances should be limited to inherently dangerous major felonies such as robbery, carjacking, kidnapping, hostage taking, arson, burglary or home-invasion conduct, criminal use of explosives, or violent escape or jailbreak. | Low-level, possession-based, regulatory, paperwork, licensing, or nonviolent status felonies should not qualify for first degree felony-murder treatment unless separate facts show premeditation or another qualifying dangerous felony. | Public-servant murder, attempted murder of a public servant, accessory liability, and conspiracy should use the listed liability options and modifiers when supported. | Reports should document cause of death, planning evidence, timeline, weapon or method, felony connection if any, victim status, statements, witnesses, and each participant's role. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | unlawful-imprisonment | EF-PC-01-005 | EF-PC-01-005-A | Unlawful Imprisonment | Intentional restraint or confinement of another person without consent or lawful authority. | unlawful-imprisonment | Unlawful Imprisonment | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;person;victim-specific | 27.3 | 300 | 1 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unlawful imprisonment focuses on intentional restriction of another person's movement without consent or lawful authority. | The restraint may be physical, by threat, by locked space, by blocking exits, or by other conduct that prevents free movement. | Brief obstruction or ordinary argument should not be charged unless the facts show meaningful restraint or detention. | Reports should document how movement was restricted, duration, location, victim statements, threats or force, exits available, and any claimed legal authority. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | kidnapping-and-hostage-taking | EF-PC-01-006 | EF-PC-01-006-A | Kidnapping and Hostage Taking | Abduction, confinement, movement, or holding of a person against their will, including leverage-based hostage conduct. | kidnapping | Kidnapping | felony | felony;person;victim-specific;violent | 288.7 | 1500 | 25 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;firearm-discharged;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6;accessory fine x0.3 time x0.4667;conspiracy fine x0.9 time x0.9 | Kidnapping focuses on unlawful abduction, movement, or confinement against the victim's will. | The taking or confinement may be accomplished by force, threat, deception, intimidation, or other unlawful means. | Attempted kidnapping and accessory conduct should use the listed liability options when the victim is not fully moved or confined or when the suspect's role is secondary. | Reports should document victim identity, movement or confinement, lack of consent, force or deception, duration, location, communications, and each participant's role. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | kidnapping-and-hostage-taking | EF-PC-01-006 | EF-PC-01-006-B | Kidnapping and Hostage Taking | Abduction, confinement, movement, or holding of a person against their will, including leverage-based hostage conduct. | hostage-taking | Hostage Taking | felony | commercial;economic;felony;government;person;victim-specific;violent | 397.4 | 2250 | 35 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;firearm-discharged;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6;accessory fine x0.2 time x0.5;conspiracy fine x0.9 time x0.9 | Hostage taking is kidnapping or confinement used as leverage to compel a demand. | The suspect must hold, threaten, or control a victim to force another person or entity to act, refrain from acting, pay, release someone, provide property, or meet another demand. | A threat to kill or harm the hostage is strongly aggravating but the core issue is using the victim as leverage. | Reports should document the hostage, demand, target of the demand, threats, weapons, communications, duration, rescue or release facts, and each participant's role. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | criminal-threats | EF-PC-01-007 | EF-PC-01-007-A | Criminal Threats | Threats of physical harm or death that place another person in reasonable fear for safety. | criminal-threats | Criminal Threats | misdemeanor | homicide;misdemeanor;person;victim-specific;violent | 24.1 | 200 | 1 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal threats focuses on communicated threats that create reasonable fear of harm or death. | The threat may be verbal, written, electronic, gestural, or communicated through another medium. | The threat should be specific or immediate enough to create reasonable fear, not mere insult, joke, vague anger, or protected expression. | Reports should document exact words or messages, context, recipient reaction, relationship history, ability to carry out the threat, witnesses, and screenshots or recordings. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | reckless-endangerment | EF-PC-01-008 | EF-PC-01-008-A | Reckless Endangerment | Reckless conduct creating a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person. | reckless-endangerment | Reckless Endangerment | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;person;victim-specific | 113.2 | 175 | 10 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;minor-injury;multiple-victims;firearm-discharged;occupied-structure-or-vehicle;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Reckless endangerment focuses on dangerous conduct that creates a serious risk of injury even if no injury occurs. | The risk must be substantial, unjustifiable, and directed at or likely to affect another person. | If actual injury occurs, assault, battery, or homicide-family charges may better fit or may apply in addition depending on policy. | Reports should document the dangerous act, people placed at risk, distance and circumstances, warnings ignored, injuries if any, and why the conduct was reckless. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | domestic-violence | EF-PC-01-009 | EF-PC-01-009-A | Domestic Violence | Violence, force, threats, or coercive abuse committed against an intimate partner, family member, household member, co-parent, or comparable domestic relation. | domestic-violence | Domestic Violence | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;person;victim-specific;violent | 166.6 | 275 | 15 | cooperation;minor-injury;weapon-used;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Domestic violence focuses on violence, threats, or coercive abuse within protected domestic relationships. | The protected relationship may include current or former intimate partners, spouses, dating partners, family members, household members, co-parents, or comparable domestic relations. | The conduct may involve unlawful force, offensive contact, credible threats, intimidation, restraint, or coercive abusive conduct directed at the protected person. | Use assault, battery, aggravated battery, kidnapping, criminal threats, or other specific offenses when the facts independently satisfy those charges, especially where injury, weapons, restraint, or repeated violence are present. | Reports should document the relationship, victim statements, injuries or threats, witnesses, prior related incidents if known, protective orders, weapons, and any immediate safety needs. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | desecration-of-a-human-corpse | EF-PC-01-010 | EF-PC-01-010-A | Desecration of a Human Corpse | Mutilation, concealment, destruction, or degrading treatment of a human corpse after death. | desecration-of-a-human-corpse | Desecration of a Human Corpse | felony | felony;homicide;person;property-damage;victim-specific;violent | 331.6 | 1000 | 30 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Desecration of a human corpse focuses on unlawful or degrading treatment of a body after death. | The conduct must occur after death and involve mutilation, destruction, concealment, scattering, burning, disfigurement, or comparable degradation. | Lawful medical, emergency, coroner, funeral, or recovery activity should not be charged when performed within authorized duties. | Reports should document condition of the body, act committed, timing relative to death, location, evidence of concealment or destruction, and any lawful authority claimed. | True |
| offenses-against-persons | Offenses Against Persons | torture | EF-PC-01-011 | EF-PC-01-011-A | Torture | Intentional infliction of extreme pain or suffering for punishment, coercion, revenge, extortion, interrogation, or sadistic purpose. | torture | Torture | felony | felony;person;victim-specific;violent | 454.8 | 3000 | 40 | cooperation;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;on-release | principal fine x1 time x1 | Torture focuses on intentional infliction of extreme pain or suffering for a prohibited purpose. | The pain or suffering should be extreme and intentionally inflicted, not merely incidental to a lesser assault or battery. | Intentional and unlawful conduct causing permanent disability, disfigurement, or deprivation of a limb, organ, or other body part should be charged under torture when supported by the facts, including when the harm is inflicted for punishment, coercion, interrogation, revenge, extortion, intimidation, or sadistic gratification. | The purpose may include punishment, coercion, interrogation, revenge, extortion, intimidation, or sadistic gratification. | Accessory liability should be used when a person knowingly assists, enables, conceals, transports, guards, or otherwise helps the torture without personally inflicting the extreme pain or suffering as the principal actor. | Reports should document the acts causing pain, duration, injuries, restraint or threats, statements showing purpose, medical evidence, and victim or witness accounts. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | theft-by-property-value | EF-PC-02-001 | EF-PC-02-001-A | Theft by Property Value | Theft offenses based on the value or protected class of personal property taken without consent. | petty-theft | Petty Theft | infraction | infraction;property;theft | 20 | 400 | 0 | restitution-made;citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Petty Theft covers lower-value property takings where consent and intent to deprive are the key facts. | The property must belong to another person, business, or entity. | The value must be $2,000 or less based on available receipts, market value, or reasonable estimate. | Reports should document ownership, lack of consent, property value, recovery status, and suspect intent. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | theft-by-property-value | EF-PC-02-001 | EF-PC-02-001-B | Theft by Property Value | Theft offenses based on the value or protected class of personal property taken without consent. | grand-theft | Grand Theft | misdemeanor | firearm-related;misdemeanor;property;theft;weapon-related | 129.2 | 850 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Grand Theft applies to mid-value property takings and firearm theft regardless of firearm value. | The value threshold must be supported by evidence such as receipts, market comparisons, or owner statements. | A stolen firearm qualifies even when its value is below the ordinary grand-theft threshold. | Reports should distinguish simple property taking from robbery, burglary, or vehicle theft when those elements are present. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | theft-by-property-value | EF-PC-02-001 | EF-PC-02-001-C | Theft by Property Value | Theft offenses based on the value or protected class of personal property taken without consent. | grand-larceny | Grand Larceny | felony | felony;property;theft | 281.6 | 1000 | 25 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Grand Larceny is the highest ordinary property-value theft tier. | The property value must exceed $15,000. | Use the best available valuation evidence and document how value was calculated. | If the taking involved force, entry into a structure, or a vehicle, consider whether another theft-family offense better fits the conduct. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | vehicle-theft | EF-PC-02-002 | EF-PC-02-002-A | Vehicle Theft | Vehicle theft offenses involving unlawful taking or control of motor vehicles, aircraft, or protected government vehicles. | grand-theft-auto-a | Grand Theft Auto A | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;property;theft | 127.4 | 750 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.4 time x0.5 | Grand Theft Auto A covers ordinary unlawful taking or control of a motor vehicle without aggravating circumstances. | Vehicle value is not required for this degree. | The suspect must lack consent from the owner or lawful possessor. | Accessory liability should be used when a person knowingly assists, enables, conceals, stores, transports, scouts for, or otherwise helps the vehicle theft without personally taking or controlling the vehicle as the principal actor. | Use this degree for ordinary unattended or nonviolent vehicle theft; if the theft involves weapons, another felony, occupied taking, aircraft, or protected law-enforcement vehicles, evaluate the more specific degree. | Reports should document vehicle ownership, how control was taken, location recovered, damage, and any statements showing intent. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | vehicle-theft | EF-PC-02-002 | EF-PC-02-002-B | Vehicle Theft | Vehicle theft offenses involving unlawful taking or control of motor vehicles, aircraft, or protected government vehicles. | grand-theft-auto-b | Grand Theft Auto B | felony | felony;property;public-safety;theft;weapon-related | 231.6 | 1000 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;weapon-used;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.4 time x0.5 | Grand Theft Auto B is the aggravated motor-vehicle theft tier for armed, felony-connected, or elevated-risk vehicle theft. | The vehicle theft elements must be satisfied first. | The aggravating fact must be tied to the theft event, such as being armed, committing another felony, using the vehicle to facilitate another felony, or creating a serious public-safety risk. | Accessory liability should be used when a person knowingly assists, enables, conceals, stores, transports, scouts for, or otherwise helps the aggravated vehicle theft without personally taking or controlling the vehicle as the principal actor. | Do not use this degree for theft of a law-enforcement vehicle; that protected vehicle degree remains separate. | Reports should document the separate felony, weapon, pursuit, danger, or facilitation facts instead of relying only on the vehicle theft. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | vehicle-theft | EF-PC-02-002 | EF-PC-02-002-C | Vehicle Theft | Vehicle theft offenses involving unlawful taking or control of motor vehicles, aircraft, or protected government vehicles. | carjacking | Carjacking | felony | felony;property;theft;violent | 338.7 | 1500 | 30 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;multiple-victims;firearm-discharged;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6 | Carjacking focuses on vehicle theft from a person rather than unattended vehicle theft. | The vehicle must be taken from a person, their immediate presence, or while being operated. | Attempted liability should be used when the suspect takes a direct step toward taking an occupied or controlled vehicle from a person or immediate presence, but the vehicle is not actually taken. | Force, intimidation, or threats should be documented when present, even if not required by the short title. | Reports should identify the occupant, driver, or person in immediate control of the vehicle. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | vehicle-theft | EF-PC-02-002 | EF-PC-02-002-D | Vehicle Theft | Vehicle theft offenses involving unlawful taking or control of motor vehicles, aircraft, or protected government vehicles. | theft-of-an-aircraft | Theft of an Aircraft | felony | felony;property;public-safety;theft | 420.7 | 5000 | 35 | cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6 | Theft of an Aircraft is a protected vehicle-theft degree for aircraft. | Aircraft status should be documented by registration, ownership, or operational control. | Consent from the owner or authorized operator is the central issue. | Reports should document flight, attempted flight, movement, damage, recovery, and safety risks created by the theft. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | vehicle-theft | EF-PC-02-002 | EF-PC-02-002-E | Vehicle Theft | Vehicle theft offenses involving unlawful taking or control of motor vehicles, aircraft, or protected government vehicles. | theft-of-a-law-enforcement-vehicle | Theft of a Law Enforcement Vehicle | felony | felony;government;property;theft | 500 | 10000 | 40 | cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.75 time x0.6 | Theft of a Law Enforcement Vehicle is a protected vehicle-theft degree based on agency ownership or use. | The vehicle must be tied to a law enforcement agency by ownership, assignment, or official use. | The suspect must lack authorization to possess or operate it. | Reports should document agency ownership, equipment present, recovery status, and any public-safety risk. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | burglary | EF-PC-02-003 | EF-PC-02-003-A | Burglary | Unlawful entry into a structure with intent to commit a criminal offense or remain without permission, with felony treatment for occupied, residential, forced-entry, weapon-related, or high-risk burglary. | burglary | Burglary | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;property;theft | 122.4 | 500 | 10 | cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Burglary focuses on unlawful entry or remaining with criminal intent where the entry does not create the elevated risk required for aggravated burglary. | Unlawful entry alone is not enough; document the intended or completed offense. | Permission may be limited by time, place, purpose, or revocation. | Use this degree for ordinary commercial, unoccupied, storage, vehicle-yard, or secured-area entries without force, weapons, occupied-structure risk, or home-invasion facts. | If the structure is occupied, residential, forcibly entered, weapon-related, or tied to high-value theft or serious danger, evaluate Aggravated Burglary. | Reports should document entry method, owner or agent statements, security footage, tools, stolen property, and suspect intent. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | burglary | EF-PC-02-003 | EF-PC-02-003-B | Burglary | Unlawful entry into a structure with intent to commit a criminal offense or remain without permission, with felony treatment for occupied, residential, forced-entry, weapon-related, or high-risk burglary. | aggravated-burglary | Aggravated Burglary | felony | felony;property;public-safety;theft | 281.6 | 1000 | 25 | cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;high-value-loss;occupied-structure-or-vehicle;weapon-used;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Aggravated Burglary applies when unlawful entry with criminal intent creates elevated danger through occupancy, residence, forced entry, weapons, high-value theft, or serious security risk. | The burglary elements must be satisfied first: unlawful entry or remaining plus intent to commit a criminal offense inside. | Aggravation may be shown by residential entry, occupied structure or vehicle risk, forced entry, weapon use, high-value theft intent, multiple victims, or entry into a secured high-risk area. | This degree should not be used merely because property was stolen from an unoccupied commercial or storage location. | If force or fear is used against a person during the taking, evaluate Robbery or Carjacking as appropriate. | Reports should document the location type, occupancy facts, entry method, tools or weapons, intended offense, property taken or targeted, victims endangered, and security footage or witness evidence. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | robbery | EF-PC-02-004 | EF-PC-02-004-A | Robbery | Theft from a person or immediate presence by force, intimidation, fear, or threat. | robbery | Robbery | felony | felony;property;theft;violent | 331.6 | 1000 | 30 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;weapon-used;firearm-discharged;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;minimal-participation;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6;accessory fine x0.2 time x0.48;conspiracy fine x0.9 time x0.9 | Robbery is theft elevated by force, intimidation, fear, or taking from immediate presence. | The property must be taken from a person, business, or immediate presence against the victim's will. | Force or intimidation must be connected to the taking, escape, or retention of property. | If a weapon or dangerous instrument was used, apply the weapon-used modifier rather than creating a separate armed degree. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | leaving-without-paying | EF-PC-02-005 | EF-PC-02-005-A | Leaving Without Paying | Leaving a billed premises without paying for goods or services received. | leaving-without-paying | Leaving Without Paying | infraction | infraction;property;theft | 17.3 | 300 | 0 | restitution-made;citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Leaving Without Paying covers low-level theft of billed goods or services. | The person must have received or accepted a billed good or service. | The nonpayment must be knowing rather than a good-faith billing dispute. | Reports should document the bill, amount due, opportunity to pay, suspect departure, and any statements showing intent. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | possession-of-nonlegal-currency | EF-PC-02-006 | EF-PC-02-006-A | Possession of Nonlegal Currency | Possession, use, or attempted use of fraudulent currency represented as lawful money. | possession-of-nonlegal-currency | Possession of Nonlegal Currency | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;possession;property;theft | 127.4 | 750 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree covers counterfeit or fraudulent currency handled as if it were legal money. | The item must be represented or intended to be used as lawful currency. | Mere accidental receipt may not be enough without knowledge or attempted use. | Reports should document the currency, transaction context, suspect statements, and any additional counterfeit items or tools. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | possession-of-government-issued-items | EF-PC-02-007 | EF-PC-02-007-A | Possession of Government-Issued Items | Unauthorized possession of government-issued property, equipment, credentials, weapons, MDTs, or restricted official items, with felony treatment reserved for specialized tactical, automatic-weapon, impersonation, sale-transfer, or serious operational-risk cases. | minor-possession-of-government-issued-items | Minor Possession of Government-Issued Items | misdemeanor | government;misdemeanor;possession;property;theft | 122.4 | 500 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Minor Possession of Government-Issued Items covers unauthorized possession of ordinary issued official property. | The item must be government-issued, government-owned, or restricted to official use. | The suspect must lack permission, assignment, or lawful authority to possess it. | This degree should cover ordinary issued equipment, non-sensitive property, uniforms without deceptive use, MDTs, non-specialized sidearms, less-lethal devices, field equipment, or other routine official items. | Ordinary retention of issued equipment after separation, suspension, inactivity, or reassignment should ordinarily remain in this degree unless the facts show specialized tactical equipment, automatic weapons, sale or transfer, impersonation, concealment after a clear return demand, or serious operational compromise. | Reports should document the item type, issuing agency, how possession was discovered, whether the item was recovered, and why the item did or did not create elevated operational risk. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | possession-of-government-issued-items | EF-PC-02-007 | EF-PC-02-007-B | Possession of Government-Issued Items | Unauthorized possession of government-issued property, equipment, credentials, weapons, MDTs, or restricted official items, with felony treatment reserved for specialized tactical, automatic-weapon, impersonation, sale-transfer, or serious operational-risk cases. | restricted-government-issued-items | Restricted Government-Issued Items | felony | felony;firearm-related;government;identity-document;licensing-status;possession;property;theft;weapon-related | 258.7 | 1500 | 22 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Restricted Government-Issued Items applies to unauthorized possession of specialized official items or retained issued equipment where the facts create serious tactical, impersonation, sale-transfer, or operational risk. | The item should be government-issued, government-owned, or restricted to official use and should create more than ordinary property-loss concern. | Restricted items include automatic firearms, SWAT or specialized tactical equipment, breaching tools, explosive or high-risk devices, or comparable official items that create serious public-safety or operational risk. | Ordinary issued sidearms, less-lethal devices, MDTs, field equipment, and non-sensitive property should normally remain in Minor Possession unless the facts show use, sale or transfer, impersonation, concealment after a clear return demand, or comparable serious misuse. | If the facts show false official authority or commands, evaluate impersonation charges as well. | Reports should document the item type, agency, access or authority enabled, how the suspect obtained it, authorization status, recovery, and any use or attempted use. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | items-used-in-the-commission-of-a-crime | EF-PC-02-008 | EF-PC-02-008-A | Items Used in the Commission of a Crime | Possession or sale of tools, equipment, or items intended for use in committing criminal offenses. | possession-of-items-used-in-the-commission-of-a-crime | Possession of Items Used in the Commission of a Crime | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;possession;property;theft;weapon-related | 122.4 | 500 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;weapon-used;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree covers possession of tools or equipment tied to criminal conduct. | Possession should be connected to an intended, attempted, or completed offense. | Ordinary items require contextual evidence showing criminal use or intent. | Reports should document the item, location, related offense, suspect statements, and why lawful use is unlikely. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | items-used-in-the-commission-of-a-crime | EF-PC-02-008 | EF-PC-02-008-B | Items Used in the Commission of a Crime | Possession or sale of tools, equipment, or items intended for use in committing criminal offenses. | sale-of-items-used-in-the-commission-of-a-crime | Sale of Items Used in the Commission of a Crime | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;misdemeanor;property;sale-transfer;theft;weapon-related | 160 | 100 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree covers trafficking or distribution of crime-facilitating items. | The item must be connected to criminal use, not merely capable of lawful use. | Knowledge may be shown by statements, packaging, context, repeated transactions, or the nature of the item. | Reports should document the sale or transfer, buyer/seller roles, communications, item function, and related offense. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | criminal-possession-of-stolen-property | EF-PC-02-009 | EF-PC-02-009-A | Criminal Possession of Stolen Property | Possession or control of property known to be stolen, with felony treatment for high-value, organized, sale-transfer, dangerous, vehicle, or government-property cases. | criminal-possession-of-stolen-property | Criminal Possession of Stolen Property | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;possession;property;theft | 87.3 | 300 | 7 | cooperation;restitution-made;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal Possession of Stolen Property focuses on knowing possession or control of ordinary stolen property after the theft. | The state must show the property was stolen and the suspect knew or should reasonably have known it. | Possession may be physical, constructive, shared, or through control over storage or transport. | Use this degree for ordinary stolen property possession without high value, organized activity, resale, transport-for-sale, vehicles, weapons, or government-property facts. | If the property is high-value, transported or sold, connected to organized activity, a vehicle, weapon, government item, or repeated theft operation, evaluate Aggravated Possession of Stolen Property. | Reports should document theft reports, serial numbers, owner identification, recovery location, value, and suspect explanation. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | criminal-possession-of-stolen-property | EF-PC-02-009 | EF-PC-02-009-B | Criminal Possession of Stolen Property | Possession or control of property known to be stolen, with felony treatment for high-value, organized, sale-transfer, dangerous, vehicle, or government-property cases. | aggravated-possession-of-stolen-property | Aggravated Possession of Stolen Property | felony | commercial;economic;felony;possession;property;sale-transfer;theft | 231.6 | 1000 | 20 | cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;high-value-loss;weapon-used;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Aggravated Possession of Stolen Property applies when stolen-property possession creates elevated economic, public-safety, government-property, or organized-crime concerns. | The state must show the property was stolen and the suspect knew or should reasonably have known it. | Aggravating facts may include high value, resale or transfer, transport for sale, organized activity, repeated theft operations, stolen vehicles, weapons, government-issued items, or other property creating elevated danger or operational risk. | This degree should not be used merely because ordinary stolen property is found in a suspect's possession. | If the suspect personally committed the taking, evaluate the underlying theft, burglary, robbery, or vehicle-theft charge as well. | Reports should document the stolen-property source, value, serial numbers, buyer or seller roles, transport or storage facts, government or weapon status, and suspect knowledge. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | customs-and-smuggling-offenses | EF-PC-02-010 | EF-PC-02-010-A | Customs and Smuggling Offenses | Import, export, transport, concealment, or misrepresentation of goods in violation of customs or licensing requirements. | regulatory-smuggling | Regulatory Smuggling | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;misdemeanor;property;sale-transfer;theft | 114.7 | 2000 | 7 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.25 time x1 | Regulatory Smuggling covers fine-heavy import, export, transport, concealment, or movement of goods through customs or jurisdictional controls without required authorization. | The goods must be subject to declaration, licensing, customs control, import/export authorization, or comparable regulatory oversight. | The conduct must involve transport, import, export, concealment, or movement through a controlled boundary. | Use this degree for economic, luxury, commercial, paperwork, or regulatory smuggling that does not involve weapons, controlled substances, escape tools, explosives, or comparable dangerous contraband. | If the goods create public-safety, facility-security, weapons, controlled-substance, or escape-related risk, evaluate Dangerous Contraband Smuggling. | Reports should document the goods, route, concealment method, missing paperwork, declarations made, value, and all involved parties. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | customs-and-smuggling-offenses | EF-PC-02-010 | EF-PC-02-010-B | Customs and Smuggling Offenses | Import, export, transport, concealment, or misrepresentation of goods in violation of customs or licensing requirements. | dangerous-contraband-smuggling | Dangerous Contraband Smuggling | felony | controlled-substance;felony;property;public-safety;sale-transfer;theft;weapon-related | 320.7 | 5000 | 25 | cooperation;organized-activity;weapon-used;firearm-discharged;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;minimal-participation;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.25 time x1 | Dangerous Contraband Smuggling applies when smuggled goods create elevated public-safety, weapon, controlled-substance, escape, or security risk. | Covered goods may include weapons, firearms, ammunition, controlled substances, explosives, escape tools, restricted security items, or comparable dangerous contraband. | The conduct must involve transport, import, export, concealment, or movement through a controlled boundary or customs-controlled area. | If the contraband involves more than 8 illegal firearms or weapons intended for sale or distribution, evaluate Weapon Trafficking as the more specific and more severe charge. | Weapon-used should apply only when a weapon is used, displayed, brandished, or carried for immediate use during the smuggling incident, not merely because a weapon is among the goods. | If the contraband is introduced into a government facility, evaluate government-facility contraband charges as well. | Reports should document the goods, quantity, route, concealment method, intended recipient, authorization status, security risk, communications, and all involved parties. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | customs-and-smuggling-offenses | EF-PC-02-010 | EF-PC-02-010-C | Customs and Smuggling Offenses | Import, export, transport, concealment, or misrepresentation of goods in violation of customs or licensing requirements. | smuggling-of-precious-gemstones | Smuggling of Precious Gemstones | felony | commercial;economic;felony;property;sale-transfer;theft | 170.7 | 5000 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.25 time x1 | This degree is the gemstone-specific smuggling tier. | Covered gemstones include diamonds, emeralds, rubies, sapphires, and other valuable stones. | Documentation should establish the type, quantity, value, and lack of lawful declaration. | Reports should document packaging, concealment, valuation, route, ownership claims, and associated business records. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | customs-and-smuggling-offenses | EF-PC-02-010 | EF-PC-02-010-D | Customs and Smuggling Offenses | Import, export, transport, concealment, or misrepresentation of goods in violation of customs or licensing requirements. | smuggling-of-precious-metals | Smuggling of Precious Metals | felony | commercial;economic;felony;property;sale-transfer;theft | 227.5 | 6000 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.25 time x1 | This degree is the precious-metal-specific smuggling tier. | Covered metals include gold, silver, platinum, and comparable valuable metals. | Documentation should establish the type, quantity, value, and lack of lawful declaration. | Reports should document weight, purity if known, concealment method, route, ownership claims, and associated business records. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | customs-and-smuggling-offenses | EF-PC-02-010 | EF-PC-02-010-E | Customs and Smuggling Offenses | Import, export, transport, concealment, or misrepresentation of goods in violation of customs or licensing requirements. | customs-fraud | Customs Fraud | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;government;identity-document;justice-system;licensing-status;misdemeanor;property;theft | 48.7 | 1500 | 1 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Customs Fraud focuses on false statements or documents used to evade customs or regulatory controls. | The false statement or document must be material to customs, tax, licensing, or inspection decisions. | The suspect must know or intend that the information is false or misleading. | Reports should preserve forms, invoices, manifests, declarations, communications, valuation evidence, and officer observations. | True |
| offenses-involving-theft | Offenses Involving Theft | customs-and-smuggling-offenses | EF-PC-02-010 | EF-PC-02-010-F | Customs and Smuggling Offenses | Import, export, transport, concealment, or misrepresentation of goods in violation of customs or licensing requirements. | operating-an-unlicensed-import-export-business | Operating an Unlicensed Import/Export Business | felony | commercial;economic;felony;licensing-status;property;sale-transfer;theft | 291.4 | 20000 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;accessory fine x0.25 time x1 | This degree covers commercial-scale import/export activity conducted outside required licensing or regulatory oversight. | Commercial scale may be shown by three or more import/export shipments in 30 days, aggregate shipment value over $150,000, dedicated storage or storefront infrastructure, business records, paid transport personnel, or coordinated profit-driven operations. | Use Regulatory Smuggling for an isolated unauthorized shipment or border movement that does not show an ongoing unlicensed business operation. | Use Customs Fraud when the core misconduct is a false declaration, false invoice, false valuation, false quantity, or other material misrepresentation to customs or regulatory authorities. | Transportation personnel are included when they knowingly participate in the unlicensed operation. | Reports should document licenses checked, shipment values, transaction frequency, business records, transport roles, and regulatory notices. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | impersonation | EF-PC-03-001 | EF-PC-03-001-A | Impersonation | False identity or false official authority offenses involving impersonation of another person, public servant, peace officer, or judicial officer. | impersonating | Impersonating | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;fraud;government;identity-document;misdemeanor | 177.4 | 750 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Impersonating focuses on the knowing use of another identity in a way that would reasonably mislead someone or affect an official, business, or personal interaction. | The conduct must involve a false or unauthorized identity claim, not merely a nickname, joke, casual statement, or unclear misunderstanding. | The suspect must know they lack permission or authority to use the identity or identifying information. | Reports should document the claimed identity, how it was presented, who was misled or targeted, and any benefit sought or accountability avoided. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | impersonation | EF-PC-03-001 | EF-PC-03-001-B | Impersonation | False identity or false official authority offenses involving impersonation of another person, public servant, peace officer, or judicial officer. | impersonating-a-peace-officer-or-public-servant | Impersonating a Peace Officer or Public Servant | felony | economic;felony;fraud;government;identity-document | 345.3 | 2050 | 30 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree applies when a false claim of government or law-enforcement authority is used in a way that could cause others to comply, grant access, or believe the suspect is acting under official power. | The key issue is the false assertion or use of official authority, not merely wearing similar clothing without deceptive conduct. | Evidence should show the suspect knowingly lacked the claimed status or authority. | Reports should document uniforms, marked vehicles, commands, statements, credentials, victim reliance, and any access or compliance obtained. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | impersonation | EF-PC-03-001 | EF-PC-03-001-C | Impersonation | False identity or false official authority offenses involving impersonation of another person, public servant, peace officer, or judicial officer. | impersonating-a-judge | Impersonating a Judge | felony | economic;felony;fraud;government;identity-document | 359.2 | 3500 | 30 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree is reserved for false judicial authority because court power can alter liberty, property, custody, and official decision-making. | The conduct must involve a false judicial role or false use of judicial authority, not ordinary argument about what the law requires. | False documents, orders, warrants, or instructions should be preserved as evidence when involved. | Reports should explain who received the false judicial claim, what action it was meant to compel, and how the suspect represented their authority. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | possession-of-stolen-government-identification | EF-PC-03-002 | EF-PC-03-002-A | Possession of Stolen Government Identification | Unauthorized possession of government-issued identification or credentials belonging to another person. | possession-of-stolen-government-identification | Possession of Stolen Government Identification | misdemeanor | economic;fraud;government;identity-document;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession | 214.1 | 200 | 20 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This offense targets possession of another person's official identification where the circumstances show knowledge and lack of lawful authority. | The item should be government-issued identification, credentials, or an access document that belongs to another person. | The suspect must know or reasonably understand that they are not authorized to possess it. | Reports should document the issuing agency, named owner, how the suspect obtained or used it, and whether they attempted to return or surrender it. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | extortion | EF-PC-03-003 | EF-PC-03-003-A | Extortion | Coercive demands for property, services, action, or inaction through threats, intimidation, or misuse of authority. | extortion | Extortion | felony | economic;felony;fraud;identity-document;licensing-status;violent | 338.7 | 1500 | 30 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Extortion focuses on coercive pressure that converts a demand into forced compliance or attempted forced compliance. | There must be a demand or desired outcome tied to a threat, intimidation, coercion, or abuse of authority. | The threatened harm can involve violence, property, reputation, official action, or another consequence that would reasonably pressure the target. | Reports should preserve messages, recordings, witness statements, the exact demand, the threatened consequence, and any property or service sought. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | fraud-and-forgery | EF-PC-03-004 | EF-PC-03-004-A | Fraud and Forgery | Deceptive conduct involving material false statements, altered records, false documents, or unauthorized signatures used to obtain a benefit or cause a loss. | fraud | Fraud | misdemeanor | alcohol-intoxication;economic;fraud;government;identity-document;licensing-status;misdemeanor | 112.2 | 150 | 10 | cooperation;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Fraud turns on intentional deception about something important enough to influence a person, business, or agency decision. | The false statement, omission, or deceptive act must be material, meaning it could reasonably affect the target's decision. | The suspect must act with intent to deceive for a benefit, access, official action, or another person's loss. | Reports should document the deception, the target's reliance or attempted reliance, the records involved, and the benefit or loss at issue. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | fraud-and-forgery | EF-PC-03-004 | EF-PC-03-004-B | Fraud and Forgery | Deceptive conduct involving material false statements, altered records, false documents, or unauthorized signatures used to obtain a benefit or cause a loss. | forgery | Forgery | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;fraud;identity-document;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession | 175.5 | 650 | 15 | cooperation;restitution-made;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Forgery focuses on false or unauthorized documents and records, including electronic records, used or prepared for deceptive purposes. | The evidence should identify the writing, document, record, signature, credential, or electronic entry that was false or unauthorized. | The suspect must know the item is false, altered, or unauthorized and intend that it be accepted as genuine or relied upon. | Reports should preserve the document or image, identify the true authority or signer, and explain how the forged item was used or intended to be used. | True |
| offenses-involving-fraud | Offenses Involving Fraud | money-laundering | EF-PC-03-005 | EF-PC-03-005-A | Money Laundering | Handling, moving, concealing, or operating through criminal proceeds in a way that disguises their source, ownership, location, or control. | money-laundering | Money Laundering | felony | commercial;economic;felony;fraud;identity-document;possession;sale-transfer | 313.2 | 4000 | 25 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Money laundering addresses criminal proceeds and the steps taken to make those proceeds appear legitimate or harder to trace. | The funds, goods, or assets should be tied to suspected criminal activity rather than ordinary unexplained wealth alone. | The conduct should show concealment, movement, storage, conversion, or business use that helps disguise source, ownership, or control. | Reports should document transaction records, cash or asset movement, business involvement, communications, and the suspected underlying criminal activity. | True |
| offenses-involving-damage-to-property | Offenses Involving Damage to Property | trespassing | EF-PC-04-001 | EF-PC-04-001-A | Trespassing | Unauthorized entry onto, remaining on, or return to property after notice, exclusion, or obvious restricted access, with elevated treatment for secured government facilities. | trespassing | Trespassing | misdemeanor | government;licensing-status;misdemeanor;property;property-damage | 71.3 | 455 | 5 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Trespassing focuses on notice and lack of consent: the suspect must know or reasonably understand they are not allowed to be on the property. | The property owner, authorized agent, lawful occupant, or peace officer should have authority to exclude the suspect. | Notice can come from direct instruction, prior warning, posted signs, locked or secured boundaries, or other clear restricted-access facts. | Reports should document who gave notice, what was said or posted, the suspect's opportunity to leave, and whether they remained or returned. | True |
| offenses-involving-damage-to-property | Offenses Involving Damage to Property | trespassing | EF-PC-04-001 | EF-PC-04-001-B | Trespassing | Unauthorized entry onto, remaining on, or return to property after notice, exclusion, or obvious restricted access, with elevated treatment for secured government facilities. | felony-trespassing | Felony Trespassing | felony | felony;government;licensing-status;property;property-damage | 188.7 | 1500 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Felony trespassing is reserved for secured or restricted government spaces where unauthorized entry creates an elevated risk to public operations, safety, evidence, detention, or infrastructure. | The location should be government-owned, government-managed, or clearly restricted for official operations. | The suspect must know or reasonably understand the area is secured or restricted and that they lack authorization. | Reports should document fences, locks, keycards, guards, restricted signs, verbal warnings, bypassed barriers, and the suspect's purpose or conduct inside. | True |
| offenses-involving-damage-to-property | Offenses Involving Damage to Property | arson | EF-PC-04-002 | EF-PC-04-002-A | Arson | Intentional or malicious burning, ignition, explosive fire damage, or facilitation of burning to structures, land, vehicles, or other property without authorization. | arson | Arson | felony | explosive-related;felony;property;property-damage;weapon-related | 300 | 2500 | 25 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;high-value-loss;occupied-structure-or-vehicle;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Arson focuses on intentional ignition or facilitation of fire damage, even when the resulting damage is limited or firefighters contain the fire quickly. | The evidence should support intentional, malicious, or knowing fire-setting rather than accidental ignition alone. | The affected property may include structures, land, vehicles, personal property, or government property, with risk to people and spread relevant to charging decisions. | Reports should document ignition source, accelerants, burn patterns, witness observations, surveillance, suspect statements, damage, injuries, evacuation, and fire response. | True |
| offenses-involving-damage-to-property | Offenses Involving Damage to Property | vandalism | EF-PC-04-003 | EF-PC-04-003-A | Vandalism | Defacing, damaging, destroying, or tampering with property without consent, including elevated treatment for government-owned or government-controlled property. | vandalism | Vandalism | infraction | government;infraction;justice-system;licensing-status;property;property-damage | 10 | 100 | 0 | organized-activity;high-value-loss;citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Vandalism focuses on unauthorized physical damage, defacement, or impairment of property, even when repair costs are low. | The property should belong to someone other than the suspect or be jointly owned in a way that does not give the suspect consent to damage it. | The conduct must cause defacement, damage, destruction, impairment, or unauthorized alteration beyond ordinary use or accidental wear. | Reports should include photographs, owner statements, repair or cleanup estimates, tools or materials used, and any admissions or surveillance. | True |
| offenses-involving-damage-to-property | Offenses Involving Damage to Property | vandalism | EF-PC-04-003 | EF-PC-04-003-B | Vandalism | Defacing, damaging, destroying, or tampering with property without consent, including elevated treatment for government-owned or government-controlled property. | vandalism-of-government-property | Vandalism of Government Property | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor;property;property-damage | 118.7 | 350 | 10 | cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;high-value-loss;occupied-structure-or-vehicle;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree applies when vandalism targets government property, public infrastructure, emergency resources, official vehicles, public buildings, or other agency-controlled assets. | The government connection should be documented through agency ownership, lease, operation, control, markings, location, or official use. | The conduct should involve unauthorized damage, defacement, destruction, impairment, or tampering, not merely criticism, presence, or lawful use of public space. | Reports should document the agency property interest, photographs, repair needs, service disruption, safety impact, and evidence tying the suspect to the damage. | True |
| offenses-involving-damage-to-property | Offenses Involving Damage to Property | littering | EF-PC-04-004 | EF-PC-04-004-A | Littering | Improper dumping, abandoning, or placing of trash, waste, debris, or foreign substances outside approved containers or disposal areas. | littering | Littering | infraction | infraction;property;property-damage | 12.2 | 150 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Littering is a citation-level property and public-cleanliness offense focused on improper disposal rather than ownership of the land alone. | The item should be waste, debris, discarded property, or a foreign substance left somewhere other than an approved container or disposal site. | The suspect should knowingly place, abandon, or leave the item, though identity can be shown through direct observation, admissions, records, or distinctive discarded material. | Reports should document the location, type and amount of litter, photographs, cleanup or safety concerns, and the evidence connecting the suspect to the disposal. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | bribery-of-a-government-official | EF-PC-05-001 | EF-PC-05-001-A | Bribery of a Government Official | Corrupt offers, payments, gifts, benefits, or promises intended to influence the official duties or judgment of a government official, government employee, or peace officer. | bribery-of-a-government-official | Bribery of a Government Official | felony | alcohol-intoxication;felony;government;justice-system | 214.1 | 200 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Bribery focuses on corrupt intent: the thing of value must be connected to influencing official conduct, not merely ordinary gratitude or a lawful fee. | The recipient should be a government official, government employee, peace officer, or someone the suspect believes can influence official action. | The offer or benefit must be tied to a requested official act, omission, decision, discretion, access, or favorable treatment. | Reports should document the exact offer, the requested official action, timing, communications, witnesses, money or property involved, and any response by the official. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | anti-mask-law | EF-PC-05-002 | EF-PC-05-002-A | Anti-Mask Law | Mask or face-covering conduct that interferes with identification during a crime or after a lawful removal request inside a government facility. | anti-mask-law | Anti-Mask Law | infraction | government;identity-document;infraction;justice-system | 12.2 | 150 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | This offense should be applied to concealment that affects identification, crime investigation, or secure government operations, not ordinary face coverings without suspicious or obstructive conduct. | For crime-related masking, the mask should reasonably conceal identity during or immediately connected to another offense. | For government facilities, there should be a lawful identification, safety, or security reason for the removal request and the suspect should be given a clear opportunity to comply. | Reports should document the underlying offense or facility rule, the removal request, the suspect's response, surveillance, and why identification mattered. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | possession-of-contraband-in-a-government-facility | EF-PC-05-003 | EF-PC-05-003-A | Possession of Contraband in a Government Facility | Possession of prohibited items inside a government facility or controlled government area, with felony treatment reserved for dangerous, escape-related, or coordinated contraband. | minor-facility-contraband | Minor Facility Contraband | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor;possession | 87.3 | 300 | 7 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Minor Facility Contraband applies to knowing possession of non-dangerous prohibited items inside a government facility or controlled government area. | The location should be a government facility, detention area, courthouse, station, secured office, or controlled operational area. | The item should be prohibited by rule, posted notice, officer instruction, booking policy, or facility security practice. | This degree should cover non-dangerous items such as unauthorized phones, recording devices, ordinary tools, restricted personal property, nuisance items, or other facility-banned items that are not weapons, controlled substances, escape tools, or evidence-compromising items. | If the item is a weapon, firearm, controlled substance, restraint key, escape tool, or item intended for a detainee's escape or violence, evaluate Dangerous Government-Facility Contraband instead. | Reports should document the facility, rule or security basis, item found, possession or control facts, suspect knowledge, warnings or signage, and any lawful authorization claim. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | possession-of-contraband-in-a-government-facility | EF-PC-05-003 | EF-PC-05-003-B | Possession of Contraband in a Government Facility | Possession of prohibited items inside a government facility or controlled government area, with felony treatment reserved for dangerous, escape-related, or coordinated contraband. | dangerous-government-facility-contraband | Dangerous Government-Facility Contraband | felony | controlled-substance;felony;firearm-related;government;justice-system;possession;weapon-related | 211.6 | 1000 | 18 | cooperation;organized-activity;weapon-used;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6 | Dangerous Government-Facility Contraband applies to knowing possession or attempted introduction of items that materially threaten facility safety, custody security, evidence integrity, or government operations. | The item should be a weapon, firearm, controlled substance, restraint key, escape tool, evidence-compromising item, or comparable object that creates a serious safety or custody risk. | The government-facility nexus should be clear, such as a jail, courthouse holding area, police station, secured government office, evidence area, transport detail, or controlled operational space. | The suspect must know or reasonably understand they possess the item and lack lawful authorization in that setting. | Weapon-used should apply only when the weapon is used, displayed, brandished, or carried for immediate use during the incident, not merely because the contraband item is a weapon. | If the facts show coordinated smuggling for a detainee, escape planning, officer bribery, multiple dangerous items, or actual use during an escape or jailbreak, evaluate Aggravated Facility Contraband. | Reports should document the item, location, security checkpoint or controlled area, possession facts, intended recipient if any, facility rule, authorization claim, and why the item created elevated risk. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | possession-of-contraband-in-a-government-facility | EF-PC-05-003 | EF-PC-05-003-C | Possession of Contraband in a Government Facility | Possession of prohibited items inside a government facility or controlled government area, with felony treatment reserved for dangerous, escape-related, or coordinated contraband. | aggravated-facility-contraband | Aggravated Facility Contraband | felony | controlled-substance;felony;firearm-related;government;justice-system;possession;public-safety;violent;weapon-related | 344.7 | 2000 | 30 | cooperation;organized-activity;weapon-used;firearm-discharged;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6;accessory fine x0.2 time x0.67 | Aggravated Facility Contraband applies when dangerous contraband is connected to escape, jailbreak, violence, detainee delivery, coordinated smuggling, corruption, or serious compromise of a secure government function. | The contraband should involve a serious institutional risk, such as weapons, firearms, drugs for detainee use, restraint keys, escape tools, explosives, or items used to defeat facility security. | Aggravation should be based on facts such as planned delivery to a detainee, coordinated smuggling, officer bribery, multiple participants, multiple dangerous items, escape planning, violence, or actual breach of secure custody. | This degree should not be used merely because ordinary facility contraband was found in a government building. | If the contraband is actually used in an escape, assault, hostage-taking, or jailbreak, those charges should be evaluated separately. | Reports should document the contraband, participants, communications, delivery route, intended recipient, facility vulnerability, security breach, use of force if any, and connection to escape, violence, or corruption. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | escape-and-jailbreak | EF-PC-05-004 | EF-PC-05-004-A | Escape and Jailbreak | Unlawful departure from lawful detention or custody, with aggravated treatment for secure-custody breaches, weapons, violence, outside assistance, or major security risk. | misdemeanor-escape-from-detention | Misdemeanor Escape from Detention | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor | 147.4 | 750 | 12 | cooperation;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Misdemeanor Escape from Detention applies to unlawful departure from temporary lawful detention, arrest, booking, transport, or officer-controlled custody when the escape does not involve a secure facility breach, violence, weapons, coordinated assistance, or serious custody risk. | There must be lawful detention, arrest, booking, transport, guard detail, or other officer-controlled custody at the time of departure. | The suspect must know or reasonably understand they are not free to leave. | Mere departure from a traffic stop or consensual encounter should not qualify unless custody or detention was clearly established. | This degree should not apply to routine failure to stop, ordinary evading, or leaving before officers establish lawful detention. | If the suspect escapes from jail, courthouse holding, correctional transport, or secured custody, evaluate Felony Escape from Custody. | Reports should document the custody status, officer authority, commands or warnings, restraints if any, method of departure, whether pursuit occurred, and how the suspect knew they were not free to leave. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | escape-and-jailbreak | EF-PC-05-004 | EF-PC-05-004-B | Escape and Jailbreak | Unlawful departure from lawful detention or custody, with aggravated treatment for secure-custody breaches, weapons, violence, outside assistance, or major security risk. | felony-escape-from-custody | Felony Escape from Custody | felony | felony;government;justice-system | 288.7 | 1500 | 25 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Felony Escape from Custody applies to unlawful departure from secure or formal custody where the escape compromises correctional, court, transport, or supervised detention operations. | The custody setting should be jail, prison, courthouse holding, correctional transport, hospital guard detail, work detail, parole custody, or another formal secure detention arrangement. | The suspect must knowingly leave, flee, or remain absent from lawful custody after understanding they are not free to leave. | This degree does not require violence or outside assistance, but the custody setting should be more serious than ordinary field detention. | If force, weapons, hostages, coordinated assistance, escape tools, injury, or serious security breach are present, evaluate Aggravated Escape. | Reports should document the custody authority, facility or transport status, restraints or guard conditions, timeline, method of escape, recovery or continued absence, and any security failure or assistance. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | escape-and-jailbreak | EF-PC-05-004 | EF-PC-05-004-C | Escape and Jailbreak | Unlawful departure from lawful detention or custody, with aggravated treatment for secure-custody breaches, weapons, violence, outside assistance, or major security risk. | aggravated-escape | Aggravated Escape | felony | felony;government;justice-system;public-safety;violent | 454.8 | 3000 | 40 | cooperation;organized-activity;weapon-used;firearm-discharged;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6;accessory fine x0.2 time x0.6667 | Aggravated Escape applies when an escape or attempted escape involves violence, weapons, hostages, coordinated assistance, escape tools, injury, major security breach, or custody tied to a serious felony. | The underlying custody must be lawful, and the suspect or participant must know the person is not free to leave. | Aggravating facts may include force, threats, weapon use, firearm discharge, hostage-taking, escape tools, outside assistance, vehicle extraction, coordinated planning, injury, or breach of a secure facility. | This degree may apply to the escaping person and to major participants who knowingly help accomplish the aggravated escape. | If another person assists a detained person's escape as the main conduct, Jailbreak may also be appropriate or may be the better charge depending on local policy. | Reports should document custody status, participants, planning, tools, vehicles, force or threats, victims endangered, injuries, communications, route, and whether the person remained at large. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | escape-and-jailbreak | EF-PC-05-004 | EF-PC-05-004-D | Escape and Jailbreak | Unlawful departure from lawful detention or custody, with aggravated treatment for secure-custody breaches, weapons, violence, outside assistance, or major security risk. | jailbreak | Jailbreak | felony | felony;government;justice-system;violent | 350 | 2500 | 30 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.6 time x0.6;accessory fine x0.2 time x0.6667 | Jailbreak applies to outside or inside assistance that helps another person escape lawful custody, including planning, tools, force, transport, or concealment. | The person being assisted should be under lawful detention, arrest, incarceration, transport, or official guard at the time. | The suspect must knowingly assist the escape or attempted escape, not merely be present or unaware of the custody status. | Reports should document the assisted person's custody status, the suspect's role, tools or vehicles used, force or threats, communications, and the escape route. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | perjury | EF-PC-05-005 | EF-PC-05-005-A | Perjury | Knowingly false material statements made under oath, in sworn testimony, or in documents submitted to a court or judicial proceeding. | perjury | Perjury | felony | felony;government;justice-system | 263.2 | 4000 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Perjury requires a knowingly false statement about a material fact in a sworn or court-connected setting. | The statement must be made under oath, sworn certification, deposition, court testimony, or a signed court document that carries a truth requirement. | The falsehood must be material, meaning it could affect a judicial decision, proceeding, warrant, order, or fact-finding issue. | Reports should preserve the exact statement, proof of oath or certification, evidence showing falsity, and why the statement mattered to the proceeding. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | court-order-and-appearance-violations | EF-PC-05-006 | EF-PC-05-006-A | Court Order and Appearance Violations | Knowingly violating lawful court orders, restraining orders, summonses, appearance requirements, or direct courtroom commands. | violation-of-a-restraining-order | Violation of a Restraining Order | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor;public-order | 172.9 | 525 | 15 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree turns on notice and specific order terms: the suspect must know the order exists and then violate a condition it actually contains. | Officers should confirm the order is active, valid, and applicable to the suspect and protected person or location. | The suspect must have notice of the order through service, court appearance, acknowledgment, prior enforcement, or another reliable source. | Reports should document the order terms, notice, prohibited conduct, victim statements, messages, distance, locations, and any threats or repeated contacts. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | court-order-and-appearance-violations | EF-PC-05-006 | EF-PC-05-006-B | Court Order and Appearance Violations | Knowingly violating lawful court orders, restraining orders, summonses, appearance requirements, or direct courtroom commands. | violating-a-court-order | Violating a Court Order | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor | 128.3 | 800 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | This degree applies when a lawful court order is clear enough to obey and the suspect knowingly violates it. | The order should be active, lawful, and sufficiently specific for the suspect to understand what is required or prohibited. | The suspect must have notice of the order and a meaningful ability to comply before criminal enforcement is appropriate. | Reports should include the court order, notice or service history, the violated term, evidence of noncompliance, and any explanation offered by the suspect. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | court-order-and-appearance-violations | EF-PC-05-006 | EF-PC-05-006-C | Court Order and Appearance Violations | Knowingly violating lawful court orders, restraining orders, summonses, appearance requirements, or direct courtroom commands. | failure-to-appear | Failure to Appear | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor | 125.5 | 650 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Failure to Appear focuses on a missed required appearance after valid notice, not confusion, lack of service, or a continued hearing. | There should be a valid summons, subpoena, notice, release condition, or court order requiring appearance at a specific time and place. | The suspect must have actual or legally sufficient notice and no approved continuance, cancellation, or documented lawful excuse. | Reports should document the appearance notice, service or acknowledgment, scheduled date and time, court record of nonappearance, and any later explanation. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | court-order-and-appearance-violations | EF-PC-05-006 | EF-PC-05-006-D | Court Order and Appearance Violations | Knowingly violating lawful court orders, restraining orders, summonses, appearance requirements, or direct courtroom commands. | contempt-of-court | Contempt of Court | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;government;justice-system;misdemeanor | 67.3 | 300 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Contempt protects the court process and should be based on obstruction or disobedience of a lawful court command, not mere frustration, criticism, or poor manners by itself. | The conduct should occur in or directly affect a court proceeding, court order, courtroom function, or judicial command. | When practical, the person should receive a clear warning or direct instruction before enforcement, unless the disruption or refusal is severe or immediate. | Reports should document the judge's command, the warning given, the disruptive conduct, effect on proceedings, witnesses, and any repeated refusal to comply. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | embezzlement | EF-PC-05-007 | EF-PC-05-007-A | Embezzlement | Misappropriation of money, property, or assets entrusted to a person through employment, office, agency, or another position of trust. | embezzlement | Embezzlement | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;government;justice-system;misdemeanor;sale-transfer | 181.6 | 1000 | 15 | cooperation;restitution-made;organized-activity;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Embezzlement differs from ordinary theft because the suspect initially has lawful access or control, then misuses the entrusted property. | The property or funds should be entrusted to the suspect through work, office, agency, account access, storage, management, or another relationship of trust. | The suspect must intentionally convert, withhold, divert, or use the property for an unauthorized purpose. | Reports should document the trust relationship, account or inventory records, authorization limits, transfers or withdrawals, communications, and the amount or property involved. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | unlawful-practice | EF-PC-05-008 | EF-PC-05-008-A | Unlawful Practice | Providing non-medical legal, emergency, trade, or similarly regulated professional services without required authorization, license, certification, or lawful permission. | unlawful-practice | Unlawful Practice | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;licensing-status;misdemeanor | 188.7 | 1500 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unlawful Practice targets non-medical regulated services where unlicensed work can expose others to legal, safety, financial, or official-process harm. | The service should be one that reasonably requires a license, certification, government authorization, or official appointment in this jurisdiction and is not primarily medical treatment, prescription authority, surgery, clinical scope, or medical credentialing. | The suspect must perform, offer, advertise, or hold themselves out as authorized to provide the regulated service without required authority. | Use Unauthorized Medical Practice, Medical Scope-of-Practice Violation, Aggravated Unauthorized Medical Practice, or Medical Credential Fraud when the medical act or medical status is central; use Unlawful Practice only when any medical reference is incidental to a broader non-medical regulated-service violation. | Reports should document the service offered or performed, any claimed credential, victim reliance, payment or benefit, records, and verification that no valid authorization existed. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | misuse-of-emergency-systems | EF-PC-05-009 | EF-PC-05-009-A | Misuse of Emergency Systems | Knowingly false, abusive, or non-emergency use of emergency reporting systems, panic alarms, or dispatch resources. | misuse-of-emergency-systems | Misuse of Emergency Systems | infraction | government;infraction;justice-system | 24.5 | 600 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | This infraction addresses misuse of emergency reporting tools while preserving room for good-faith mistakes during stressful or uncertain situations. | The report or activation should be knowingly false, abusive, frivolous, or unrelated to a reasonable emergency need. | Good-faith calls based on mistaken but reasonable fear, confusion, injury, or developing danger should not be charged as misuse. | Reports should document the call or activation, dispatch logs, caller statements, known facts at the time, units diverted, and whether warnings were given. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | resisting-arrest | EF-PC-05-011 | EF-PC-05-011-A | Resisting Arrest | Knowingly resisting, delaying, obstructing, or evading a peace officer during a lawful arrest, detention, or attempt to take custody by non-vehicular means. | resisting-arrest | Resisting Arrest | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor | 127.4 | 750 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Resisting Arrest focuses on knowing interference with a lawful detention or arrest, especially physical resistance or foot flight after a clear command. | The officer should be acting under lawful authority and should communicate a detention, arrest, command to stop, or custody instruction when practical. | The suspect's conduct should materially delay, obstruct, or resist custody; mere questions, confusion, or passive verbal disagreement should be handled carefully. | Reports should document officer commands, suspect awareness, physical resistance or flight, use of force, injuries, witnesses, body camera details, and why the encounter was lawful. | True |
| offenses-against-public-administration | Offenses Against Public Administration | interference-with-emergency-medical-services | EF-PC-05-012 | EF-PC-05-012-A | Interference with Emergency Medical Services | Willful delay, obstruction, disruption, or interference with EMS, EMTs, paramedics, rescue personnel, or emergency medical scene operations during an active emergency. | interference-with-emergency-medical-services | Interference with Emergency Medical Services | misdemeanor | emergency-services;government;justice-system;medical-practice;misdemeanor;public-safety | 131.6 | 1000 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Interference with Emergency Medical Services protects active emergency medical and rescue operations from willful obstruction that delays care or scene safety. | EMS, EMTs, paramedics, ambulance crews, hospital emergency personnel, firefighters, rescue personnel, or comparable responders should be discharging or attempting to discharge emergency duties. | The suspect's conduct must willfully and materially delay, obstruct, disrupt, impede, or interfere with triage, treatment, patient access, patient transport, ambulance movement, rescue efforts, or lawful emergency-scene directions. | Examples include blocking a stretcher or ambulance, entering a treatment area after warnings, refusing lawful scene-safety directions, disrupting triage, pulling responders away from patient care, or disorderly conduct that delays medical or rescue work. | Mere presence, questions, verbal criticism, or recording from a lawful place should not be charged by itself unless it materially interferes with emergency duties after a clear opportunity to move or stop. | Use assault, battery, kidnapping, reckless endangerment, or other applicable charges when the conduct includes violence, threats, patient seizure, or independent injury risk beyond obstruction. | Reports should document the active emergency, responder duties, clear commands or warnings when practical, the specific obstruction, delay or safety impact, patient-care effect, witnesses, body camera or scene footage, and any related charges. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | peace-officer-compliance | EF-PC-06-001 | EF-PC-06-001-A | Peace Officer Compliance | Failures to comply with lawful peace officer commands or lawful identification requirements during detentions, investigations, arrests, or controlled scenes. | disobeying-a-peace-officer | Disobeying a Peace Officer | infraction | commercial;economic;government;identity-document;infraction;licensing-status;public-order;sale-transfer | 13.2 | 175 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | This infraction is about noncompliance with a lawful public-safety command, not punishing disagreement or questions by themselves. | The order should be clear, lawful, and connected to an official duty such as safety, investigation, traffic control, detention, or scene management. | The suspect must have a reasonable opportunity to hear, understand, and comply with the order before enforcement when circumstances allow. | Reports should document the exact command, who gave it, why it was lawful and necessary, the suspect's response, warnings, and any scene risk created. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | peace-officer-compliance | EF-PC-06-001 | EF-PC-06-001-B | Peace Officer Compliance | Failures to comply with lawful peace officer commands or lawful identification requirements during detentions, investigations, arrests, or controlled scenes. | failure-to-provide-identification | Failure to Provide Identification | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;government;identity-document;licensing-status;misdemeanor;public-order;sale-transfer | 28.7 | 350 | 1 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Failure to provide identification requires a lawful basis for the identification demand and a knowing refusal or materially false evasion. | The officer should have a lawful detention, arrest, citation, traffic stop, booking, or other legal basis requiring identification. | The suspect must refuse, conceal identity, provide materially incomplete identifying information, or otherwise prevent reasonable identification after a clear request. | Reports should document the lawful basis, the identification request, warnings, the suspect's answer or refusal, and any later identification evidence. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | public-disorder | EF-PC-06-002 | EF-PC-06-002-A | Public Disorder | Public conduct that creates violence, immediate risk, substantial disturbance, or group disorder beyond ordinary disagreement, speech, or inconvenience. | disorderly-conduct | Disorderly Conduct | infraction | alcohol-intoxication;infraction;public-order;violent | 11.2 | 125 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Disorderly conduct should be tied to concrete disruptive behavior and actual public impact, not merely unpopular speech, style, or presence. | The conduct should involve fighting, threats, dangerous behavior, lewd conduct, intoxication-related risk, or a substantial disturbance in a public or publicly accessible place. | Offensive words alone should not be enough unless they are paired with threats, fighting words, incitement, or conduct likely to produce immediate disorder. | Reports should document the conduct observed, location, witnesses, warnings, victim or public impact, safety risk, and any refusal to stop. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | public-disorder | EF-PC-06-002 | EF-PC-06-002-B | Public Disorder | Public conduct that creates violence, immediate risk, substantial disturbance, or group disorder beyond ordinary disagreement, speech, or inconvenience. | disturbing-the-peace | Disturbing the Peace | infraction | infraction;public-order;violent | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Disturbing the peace is a low-level public-order offense focused on unreasonable disturbance after notice or clear impact. | The disturbance should be more than ordinary conversation, protest, vehicle movement, or brief inconvenience. | When practical, officers should give a warning or document why the disturbance was already substantial enough to cite without warning. | Reports should document noise level or conduct, time, place, complaints, witnesses, warnings, duration, and how the peace was disturbed. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | public-disorder | EF-PC-06-002 | EF-PC-06-002-C | Public Disorder | Public conduct that creates violence, immediate risk, substantial disturbance, or group disorder beyond ordinary disagreement, speech, or inconvenience. | inciting-a-riot | Inciting a Riot | felony | felony;property-damage;public-order;violent | 272.4 | 500 | 25 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Inciting a riot requires intentional encouragement of imminent group violence or destruction, not protected criticism or generalized angry speech. | The suspect must intend to cause or help trigger a riot, force, violence, burning, or property destruction. | The words or conduct should occur at a time and place where immediate disorder is realistically likely, such as an agitated crowd or active confrontation. | Reports should document the statements or acts, crowd conditions, timing, response by others, threats, weapons, property damage, and officer efforts to de-escalate. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | public-disorder | EF-PC-06-002 | EF-PC-06-002-D | Public Disorder | Public conduct that creates violence, immediate risk, substantial disturbance, or group disorder beyond ordinary disagreement, speech, or inconvenience. | unlawful-assembly | Unlawful Assembly | misdemeanor | manufacturing-production;misdemeanor;public-order;violent | 127.4 | 750 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unlawful assembly targets coordinated group conduct that has moved toward unlawful or violent action, not peaceful gathering by itself. | There must be at least two people acting together with a shared unlawful purpose or violent, threatening, or tumultuous conduct. | Peaceful protest, observation, or presence in a crowd should not qualify without evidence of coordinated unlawful action or immediate risk. | Reports should document group size, shared conduct, commands to disperse if given, threats or violence, property risk, participant roles, and evidence tying the suspect to the unlawful group conduct. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | false-reporting | EF-PC-06-003 | EF-PC-06-003-A | False Reporting | Knowingly false reports of criminal activity to peace officers or law-enforcement agencies. | false-reporting | False Reporting | misdemeanor | government;misdemeanor;public-order | 113.2 | 175 | 10 | cooperation;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | False reporting requires knowledge of falsity; mistaken reports made in good faith should not be charged. | The report must be made to law enforcement or intended to cause law-enforcement action. | The suspect must know the reported crime or material fact is false when making or causing the report. | Reports should preserve the original report, caller identity, statements, dispatch logs, investigative resources used, and evidence showing the suspect knew the truth. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | harassment-and-stalking | EF-PC-06-004 | EF-PC-06-004-A | Harassment and Stalking | Repeated unwanted contact, following, threats, surveillance, or conduct that seriously alarms, annoys, harasses, or places another person in reasonable fear. | harassment | Harassment | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;public-order;violent | 115.8 | 250 | 10 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Harassment is based on repeated unwanted targeted conduct, not a single rude interaction or ordinary disagreement. | There should be repeated contact or a pattern of conduct directed at a specific person or protected group. | The suspect should know the contact is unwanted through direct notice, blocking, prior warnings, context, or the nature of the conduct. | Reports should document dates, messages, calls, in-person contacts, blocked-number circumvention, warnings, victim impact, and any legitimate purpose claimed. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | harassment-and-stalking | EF-PC-06-004 | EF-PC-06-004-B | Harassment and Stalking | Repeated unwanted contact, following, threats, surveillance, or conduct that seriously alarms, annoys, harasses, or places another person in reasonable fear. | stalking | Stalking | felony | felony;public-order;violent | 318.7 | 350 | 30 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Stalking is a more serious pattern offense because the conduct creates reasonable fear for safety, not merely annoyance. | There should be a pattern of following, surveillance, unwanted contact, threats, or repeated presence connected to the victim. | The victim's fear must be reasonable under the circumstances, based on threats, persistence, proximity, prior incidents, weapons, or escalation. | Reports should document timelines, locations, messages, witness observations, protective orders or warnings, victim fear, and evidence linking the suspect to the pattern. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | obstruction-of-justice | EF-PC-06-005 | EF-PC-06-005-A | Obstruction of Justice | Intentional interference with lawful justice-system functions, with misdemeanor treatment for field-duty interference and felony treatment reserved for court proceedings, warrant service, subpoenas, and comparable formal legal operations. | misdemeanor-obstruction-of-justice | Misdemeanor Obstruction of Justice | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor;public-order | 122.4 | 500 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Misdemeanor obstruction covers intentional interference with an officer or investigation that is meaningful but not directed at a formal proceeding or major government function. | The officer should be performing a lawful duty or investigation, and the suspect should know or reasonably understand that fact. | The interference should materially delay, hinder, mislead, or obstruct official work; passive observation or verbal criticism alone should be handled cautiously. | Reports should document the lawful duty, the suspect's specific interference, warnings, delay caused, false statements if any, and how the investigation or duty was affected. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | obstruction-of-justice | EF-PC-06-005 | EF-PC-06-005-B | Obstruction of Justice | Intentional interference with lawful justice-system functions, with misdemeanor treatment for field-duty interference and felony treatment reserved for court proceedings, warrant service, subpoenas, and comparable formal legal operations. | felony-obstruction-of-justice | Felony Obstruction of Justice | felony | felony;government;justice-system;licensing-status;public-order | 180 | 900 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Felony obstruction is reserved for serious interference with formal justice-system processes, not ordinary interference with daily patrol duties or routine field investigations. | The obstructed function should be a court proceeding, judicial order, subpoena, warrant service, court-authorized search or seizure, prisoner transport, or similarly formal legal process. | The suspect's conduct should substantially delay, compromise, corrupt, prevent, or endanger that formal process, not merely frustrate an officer during ordinary daily duties. | Reports should document the legal process involved, the suspect's specific obstructive conduct, how the process was affected, warnings or commands given, witnesses, recordings, and any coordination with others. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | loitering-on-government-properties | EF-PC-06-006 | EF-PC-06-006-A | Loitering on Government Properties | Remaining around government property without lawful purpose under circumstances showing intent to commit, assist, or conceal criminal activity. | loitering-on-government-properties | Loitering on Government Properties | infraction | government;infraction;public-order | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Loitering on government property should require suspicious purpose or criminal context, not merely standing in a public place. | The location should be government property or a government-controlled area where lingering can affect security, access, emergency response, or operations. | There should be facts showing criminal purpose or facilitation, such as casing, acting as lookout, concealing tools, evading staff, repeated returns, or coordinating with others. | Reports should document location, duration, warnings, suspicious conduct, tools or communications, restricted signs, staff complaints, and why no lawful purpose was apparent. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | vehicle-tampering | EF-PC-06-007 | EF-PC-06-007-A | Vehicle Tampering | Unauthorized interference with, entry into, manipulation of, or damage to a vehicle without consent of the owner or lawful possessor. | vehicle-tampering | Vehicle Tampering | misdemeanor | justice-system;licensing-status;misdemeanor;property-damage;public-order | 163.2 | 175 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Vehicle tampering addresses unauthorized interference with a vehicle that does not necessarily prove intent to permanently or substantially deprive the owner. | The vehicle should belong to another person, business, or agency, and the suspect should lack permission or lawful authority. | The conduct can include pulling handles, entering, hotwiring attempts, disabling, damaging, removing parts, or manipulating controls. | Reports should document ownership, consent, damage, tools, fingerprints or surveillance, suspect statements, and why the facts support tampering rather than simple presence. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | tampering | EF-PC-06-008 | EF-PC-06-008-A | Tampering | Interference with evidence, witnesses, victims, or testimony connected to an investigation, proceeding, or lawful inquiry. | evidence-tampering | Evidence Tampering | felony | felony;government;justice-system;public-order | 212.2 | 150 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Evidence tampering protects the integrity of investigations and proceedings by targeting intentional interference with actual or potential evidence. | The item, record, scene, body camera, weapon, document, substance, or digital data should have potential evidentiary value. | The suspect must know or reasonably understand the evidence may matter to an investigation or proceeding and intentionally affect it. | Reports should document what evidence was affected, how it was altered or concealed, chain of custody, timing, suspect knowledge, and impact on the investigation. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | tampering | EF-PC-06-008 | EF-PC-06-008-B | Tampering | Interference with evidence, witnesses, victims, or testimony connected to an investigation, proceeding, or lawful inquiry. | witness-tampering | Witness Tampering | felony | alcohol-intoxication;felony;government;justice-system;public-order;violent | 281.6 | 1000 | 25 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;organized-activity;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Witness tampering focuses on improper influence over a witness or victim connected to official fact-finding. | The target should be a witness, victim, reporting party, or person with information relevant to an investigation, proceeding, or inquiry. | The suspect must attempt to affect reporting, cooperation, attendance, testimony, or truthful statements through improper pressure or benefit. | Reports should preserve messages, calls, threats, offers, witness statements, timing relative to the case, and any change in cooperation or testimony. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | vigilantism | EF-PC-06-009 | EF-PC-06-009-A | Vigilantism | Unauthorized attempts to exercise law-enforcement authority, conduct enforcement actions, detain people, or punish suspected offenders outside lawful authority. | vigilantism | Vigilantism | felony | felony;licensing-status;public-order;violent | 312.2 | 150 | 30 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;weapon-used;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Vigilantism is aimed at unauthorized law-enforcement behavior, while preserving lawful self-defense, citizen safety actions, and reporting crime. | The suspect should act as though they have enforcement authority, such as detaining, punishing, searching, interrogating, or coercing a suspected offender. | Good-faith reporting, observing, rendering aid, or immediate defense of self or others should be distinguished from unauthorized enforcement. | Reports should document the claimed authority, commands, detention or force used, target, suspect motive, weapons or restraints, and why no lawful justification applied. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | government-corruption | EF-PC-06-010 | EF-PC-06-010-A | Government Corruption | Abuse of public office or government authority for personal, financial, political, organizational, or retaliatory benefit. | government-corruption | Government Corruption | felony | felony;government;public-order | 444.7 | 2000 | 40 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Government corruption is a high-level abuse-of-authority offense and should be supported by a clear official-power nexus and improper benefit or protection. | The suspect should have public authority, government employment, official access, or practical control over a public function. | The abuse should involve official power or resources, such as falsifying records, misusing assets, steering decisions, interfering with investigations, accepting benefits, or shielding misconduct. | Reports should document the official role, act of abuse, benefit or protected interest, records altered or resources used, communications, and harm to the public function. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | aiding-and-harboring | EF-PC-06-011 | EF-PC-06-011-A | Aiding and Harboring | Knowing assistance to criminal conduct, escape, concealment, or avoidance of lawful arrest or prosecution. | aiding-and-abetting | Aiding and Abetting | misdemeanor | justice-system;misdemeanor;public-order | 161.8 | 140 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Aiding and abetting requires knowing assistance to a crime or escape, not accidental help or mere presence near offenders. | The suspect should know the criminal purpose or know they are helping someone evade consequences from a crime. | Assistance can include planning, lookout activity, tools, transport, information, distraction, shelter, or help during flight. | Reports should document the underlying crime, the suspect's knowledge, specific assistance, timing, communications, and why the assistance was intentional. | True |
| offenses-against-public-order | Offenses Against Public Order | aiding-and-harboring | EF-PC-06-011 | EF-PC-06-011-B | Aiding and Harboring | Knowing assistance to criminal conduct, escape, concealment, or avoidance of lawful arrest or prosecution. | harboring-a-fugitive | Harboring a Fugitive | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor;public-order | 169.4 | 375 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Harboring a fugitive is narrower than general assistance: it requires knowledge that the person is wanted and conduct that helps them avoid law enforcement. | The person being helped should be wanted for a felony, subject to arrest, or actively sought by law enforcement. | The suspect must know or have strong reason to know the person is wanted and intentionally help them avoid discovery or arrest. | Reports should document the fugitive status, how the suspect knew, shelter or transport provided, warnings sent, concealment steps, and law-enforcement efforts impeded. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | marijuana-offenses | EF-PC-07-001 | EF-PC-07-001-A | Marijuana Offenses | Unlawful marijuana cultivation, possession, and possession with intent to distribute based on plant count, location, quantity, packaging, and distribution indicators. | unauthorized-marijuana-cultivation | Unauthorized Marijuana Cultivation | misdemeanor | controlled-substance;health-morals;licensing-status;manufacturing-production;misdemeanor | 88.7 | 1500 | 5 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unauthorized marijuana cultivation focuses on lower-tier unlawful cultivation outside personal-use limits or on property where cultivation is not authorized. | Lawful personal cultivation is limited to no more than 6 plants at a lawful private residence or otherwise authorized private location, subject to lawful control of the property. | Cultivation includes planting, growing, harvesting, drying, or otherwise tending marijuana plants. | This degree should generally cover more than 6 but not more than 12 plants, or lower-count cultivation on ordinary public or uncontrolled property that does not qualify as commercial or aggravated cultivation. | Reports should document plant count, cultivation location, property control or consent, public-property status if any, and lawful warrant authority for any private-property seizure. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | marijuana-offenses | EF-PC-07-001 | EF-PC-07-001-B | Marijuana Offenses | Unlawful marijuana cultivation, possession, and possession with intent to distribute based on plant count, location, quantity, packaging, and distribution indicators. | commercial-marijuana-cultivation | Commercial Marijuana Cultivation | felony | commercial;controlled-substance;economic;felony;health-morals;manufacturing-production;sale-transfer | 159.2 | 3500 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Commercial marijuana cultivation focuses on mid-scale grows and cultivation facts showing production for sale or transfer. | This degree is primarily based on plant count and should generally apply to more than 12 but not more than 25 plants when aggravated cultivation is not established. | Commercial indicators may support this degree even below the plant-count range when the facts show organized production for sale, furnishing, or transfer rather than personal cultivation. | Reports should document plant count, cultivation setup, equipment, packaging materials, ledgers, communications, money, workers, property control, and any facts showing production for sale or transfer. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | marijuana-offenses | EF-PC-07-001 | EF-PC-07-001-C | Marijuana Offenses | Unlawful marijuana cultivation, possession, and possession with intent to distribute based on plant count, location, quantity, packaging, and distribution indicators. | aggravated-marijuana-cultivation | Aggravated Marijuana Cultivation | felony | controlled-substance;felony;health-morals;manufacturing-production;property-damage;regulatory | 220.7 | 5000 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Aggravated marijuana cultivation focuses on large-scale cultivation, protected-location cultivation, and cultivation that damages protected public resources. | This degree should apply to more than 25 plants regardless of whether a completed sale or distribution event is proven. | Protected locations include wetlands, reservoirs, protected public lands, and federal or secured government facilities, including Lago Zancudo Wetlands, Land Act Reservoir, LSIA, Fort Zancudo, the Federal Complex, and comparable restricted or protected areas. | Environmental aggravation may include contamination, hazardous waste, unlawful dumping, illegal water diversion, harm to protected wildlife, or damage to surface water, ground water, public lands, or other public resources. | Reports should document plant count, protected-area or facility status, environmental harm, water or waste evidence, location maps, photographs, involved equipment, and lawful warrant authority for any private-property seizure. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | marijuana-offenses | EF-PC-07-001 | EF-PC-07-001-D | Marijuana Offenses | Unlawful marijuana cultivation, possession, and possession with intent to distribute based on plant count, location, quantity, packaging, and distribution indicators. | possession-of-marijuana | Misdemeanor Possession of Marijuana | misdemeanor | controlled-substance;health-morals;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession | 15.8 | 250 | 0 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Misdemeanor possession of marijuana focuses on knowing possession of an unlawful marijuana quantity above the misdemeanor threshold and below the distribution threshold. | Possession may be actual or constructive, but officers must be able to connect the person to dominion or control over the marijuana. | The marijuana must meet the charged weight threshold and be unlawful or outside any permitted authorization. | Reports should document the amount, packaging, location, ownership or control facts, statements, and why the possession was not lawful personal use. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | marijuana-offenses | EF-PC-07-001 | EF-PC-07-001-E | Marijuana Offenses | Unlawful marijuana cultivation, possession, and possession with intent to distribute based on plant count, location, quantity, packaging, and distribution indicators. | possession-of-marijuana-with-intent-to-distribute | Possession of Marijuana with Intent to Distribute | felony | commercial;controlled-substance;economic;felony;health-morals;possession;sale-transfer | 222.4 | 500 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of marijuana with intent to distribute focuses on knowing possession of distribution-level marijuana or marijuana accompanied by distribution indicators. | Intent to distribute may be inferred from quantity, individual packaging, scales, empty bags, ledgers, cash, communications, or transaction conduct. | A completed sale is not required if the facts show the marijuana was possessed for transfer, furnishing, or sale. | Reports should document weight, packaging, distribution materials, observed handoffs, messages, money, and the suspect's control over the marijuana. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | cocaine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-002 | EF-PC-07-002-A | Cocaine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful cocaine possession and possession with intent to distribute, including powder cocaine and crack cocaine, based on quantity and distribution indicators. | misdemeanor-possession-of-cocaine | Misdemeanor Possession of Cocaine | misdemeanor | controlled-substance;health-morals;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession | 22.4 | 500 | 0 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Misdemeanor possession of cocaine focuses on knowing possession of a smaller cocaine quantity without lawful authorization. | Possession may be actual or constructive, but officers must be able to connect the person to knowledge and control of the cocaine. | This misdemeanor degree applies at or below 10 kg unless packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct support a distribution charge. | Reports should document the cocaine form, weight, location, packaging, access or control facts, statements, and any distribution indicators. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | cocaine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-002 | EF-PC-07-002-B | Cocaine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful cocaine possession and possession with intent to distribute, including powder cocaine and crack cocaine, based on quantity and distribution indicators. | felony-possession-of-cocaine | Felony Possession of Cocaine | felony | controlled-substance;felony;health-morals;licensing-status;possession | 177.4 | 750 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Felony possession of cocaine focuses on knowing possession of a higher cocaine quantity without lawful authorization. | The felony degree is based on the controlled substance type and weight, separate from any proof of intent to sell. | Possession may be actual or constructive if the suspect knowingly controls the cocaine or the place where it is found. | Reports should document weight, form of cocaine, access or control facts, statements, and why the facts fit possession rather than sale or trafficking. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | cocaine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-002 | EF-PC-07-002-C | Cocaine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful cocaine possession and possession with intent to distribute, including powder cocaine and crack cocaine, based on quantity and distribution indicators. | possession-of-cocaine-with-intent-to-distribute | Possession of Cocaine with Intent to Distribute | felony | commercial;controlled-substance;economic;felony;health-morals;possession;sale-transfer | 236.1 | 1300 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of cocaine with intent to distribute focuses on knowing possession of distribution-level cocaine or cocaine accompanied by distribution indicators. | Intent to distribute may be inferred from quantity, individual packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct. | A completed sale is not required if the facts show the cocaine was possessed for transfer, furnishing, or sale. | Reports should document weight, packaging, scales or ledgers, cash, messages, observed handoffs, and the suspect's control over the cocaine. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | amphetamine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-003 | EF-PC-07-003-A | Amphetamine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful possession and possession with intent to distribute amphetamine-type drugs, including methamphetamine and amphetamine-based pills. | misdemeanor-possession-of-amphetamines | Misdemeanor Possession of Amphetamines | misdemeanor | controlled-substance;health-morals;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession | 17.3 | 300 | 0 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Misdemeanor possession of amphetamines focuses on knowing possession of a smaller amphetamine quantity without lawful authorization. | Possession may be actual or constructive, but officers must be able to connect the person to knowledge and control of the amphetamines. | This misdemeanor degree applies at or below 10 kg unless packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct support a distribution charge. | Reports should document the drug type, weight, location, packaging, access or control facts, statements, and any distribution indicators. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | amphetamine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-003 | EF-PC-07-003-B | Amphetamine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful possession and possession with intent to distribute amphetamine-type drugs, including methamphetamine and amphetamine-based pills. | felony-possession-of-amphetamines | Felony Possession of Amphetamines | felony | controlled-substance;felony;health-morals;licensing-status;possession | 177.4 | 750 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Felony possession of amphetamines focuses on knowing possession of a higher amphetamine quantity without lawful authorization. | The felony degree is based on the controlled substance type and weight, separate from any proof of intent to sell. | Possession may be actual or constructive if the suspect knowingly controls the amphetamines or the place where they are found. | Reports should document weight, drug type, access or control facts, statements, and why the facts fit possession rather than sale or trafficking. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | amphetamine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-003 | EF-PC-07-003-C | Amphetamine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful possession and possession with intent to distribute amphetamine-type drugs, including methamphetamine and amphetamine-based pills. | possession-of-amphetamines-with-intent-to-distribute | Possession of Amphetamines with Intent to Distribute | felony | commercial;controlled-substance;economic;felony;health-morals;possession;sale-transfer | 238.7 | 1500 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of amphetamines with intent to distribute focuses on knowing possession of distribution-level amphetamines or amphetamines accompanied by distribution indicators. | Intent to distribute may be inferred from quantity, individual packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct. | A completed sale is not required if the facts show the amphetamines were possessed for transfer, furnishing, or sale. | Reports should document weight, packaging, scales or ledgers, cash, messages, observed handoffs, and the suspect's control over the amphetamines. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | opioid-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-004 | EF-PC-07-004-A | Opioid Possession and Distribution | Unlawful possession and possession with intent to distribute opioids, including heroin, fentanyl, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and comparable narcotic pain medication. | misdemeanor-possession-of-opioids | Misdemeanor Possession of Opioids | misdemeanor | controlled-substance;health-morals;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession | 18.7 | 350 | 0 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Misdemeanor possession of opioids focuses on knowing possession of a smaller opioid quantity without lawful authorization. | Possession may be actual or constructive, but officers must be able to connect the person to knowledge and control of the opioids. | This misdemeanor degree applies at or below 10 kg unless packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct support a distribution charge. | Reports should document the opioid type, weight, location, packaging, access or control facts, statements, and any distribution indicators. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | opioid-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-004 | EF-PC-07-004-B | Opioid Possession and Distribution | Unlawful possession and possession with intent to distribute opioids, including heroin, fentanyl, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and comparable narcotic pain medication. | felony-possession-of-opioids | Felony Possession of Opioids | felony | controlled-substance;felony;health-morals;licensing-status;possession | 171.2 | 450 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Felony possession of opioids focuses on knowing possession of a higher opioid quantity without lawful authorization. | The felony degree is based on the controlled substance type and weight, separate from any proof of intent to sell. | Possession may be actual or constructive if the suspect knowingly controls the opioids or the place where they are found. | Reports should document weight, opioid type, access or control facts, statements, and why the facts fit possession rather than sale or trafficking. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | opioid-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-004 | EF-PC-07-004-C | Opioid Possession and Distribution | Unlawful possession and possession with intent to distribute opioids, including heroin, fentanyl, morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and comparable narcotic pain medication. | possession-of-opioids-with-intent-to-distribute | Possession of Opioids with Intent to Distribute | felony | commercial;controlled-substance;economic;felony;health-morals;possession;sale-transfer | 238.1 | 1450 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of opioids with intent to distribute focuses on knowing possession of distribution-level opioids or opioids accompanied by distribution indicators. | Intent to distribute may be inferred from quantity, individual packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct. | A completed sale is not required if the facts show the opioids were possessed for transfer, furnishing, or sale. | Reports should document weight, packaging, scales or ledgers, cash, messages, observed handoffs, and the suspect's control over the opioids. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | ketamine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-012 | EF-PC-07-012-A | Ketamine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful ketamine possession and possession with intent to distribute, including liquid, powder, tablets, or comparable preparations. | misdemeanor-possession-of-ketamine | Misdemeanor Possession of Ketamine | misdemeanor | misdemeanor | 17.3 | 300 | 0 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Misdemeanor possession of ketamine focuses on knowing possession of a smaller ketamine quantity without lawful authorization. | Possession may be actual or constructive, but officers must be able to connect the person to knowledge and control of the ketamine. | This misdemeanor degree applies at or below 10 kg unless packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct support a distribution charge. | Reports should document the ketamine form, weight, location, packaging, access or control facts, statements, and any distribution indicators. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | ketamine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-012 | EF-PC-07-012-B | Ketamine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful ketamine possession and possession with intent to distribute, including liquid, powder, tablets, or comparable preparations. | felony-possession-of-ketamine | Felony Possession of Ketamine | felony | felony | 177.4 | 750 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Felony possession of ketamine focuses on knowing possession of a higher ketamine quantity without lawful authorization. | The felony degree is based on the controlled substance type and weight, separate from any proof of intent to sell. | Possession may be actual or constructive if the suspect knowingly controls the ketamine or the place where it is found. | Reports should document weight, ketamine form, access or control facts, statements, and why the facts fit possession rather than sale or trafficking. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | ketamine-possession-and-distribution | EF-PC-07-012 | EF-PC-07-012-C | Ketamine Possession and Distribution | Unlawful ketamine possession and possession with intent to distribute, including liquid, powder, tablets, or comparable preparations. | possession-of-ketamine-with-intent-to-distribute | Possession of Ketamine with Intent to Distribute | felony | felony | 238.7 | 1500 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of ketamine with intent to distribute focuses on knowing possession of distribution-level ketamine or ketamine accompanied by distribution indicators. | Intent to distribute may be inferred from quantity, individual packaging, sales tools, communications, or transaction conduct. | A completed sale is not required if the facts show the ketamine was possessed for transfer, furnishing, or sale. | Reports should document weight, packaging, scales or ledgers, cash, messages, observed handoffs, and the suspect's control over the ketamine. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | possession-of-drug-paraphernalia | EF-PC-07-005 | EF-PC-07-005-A | Possession of Drug Paraphernalia | Knowing possession of equipment, products, or materials primarily intended or designed for controlled-substance use. | possession-of-drug-paraphernalia | Possession of Drug Paraphernalia | misdemeanor | controlled-substance;health-morals;misdemeanor;possession | 68.7 | 350 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of drug paraphernalia focuses on knowing possession of items connected to controlled-substance consumption. | The item must be primarily intended or designed for controlled-substance use, not merely capable of an innocent use. | Common innocent items require surrounding facts showing drug-related use, such as residue, statements, packaging, proximity to controlled substances, or observed use. | Reports should document the item, where it was found, residue or drug proximity, suspect statements, observed use, and why the item qualifies as paraphernalia. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | possession-of-drug-manufacturing-materials | EF-PC-07-006 | EF-PC-07-006-A | Possession of Drug Manufacturing Materials | Knowing possession of equipment, chemicals, products, or materials intended or configured for controlled-substance production. | possession-of-drug-manufacturing-materials | Possession of Drug Manufacturing Materials | felony | controlled-substance;felony;health-morals;manufacturing-production;possession | 97.4 | 750 | 7 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of drug manufacturing materials focuses on knowing possession of items connected to controlled-substance production. | The materials must be tied to drug production by context, combination, residue, instructions, statements, or other facts beyond mere possession of ordinary household goods. | Manufacturing materials may include precursor chemicals, lab equipment, heat sources, recipes, protective gear, or partially processed controlled substances. | Reports should document the setup, materials, residue or product, safety hazards, location, statements, and how the items collectively show production intent. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | controlled-substance-sale-and-trafficking | EF-PC-07-007 | EF-PC-07-007-A | Controlled Substance Sale and Trafficking | Unlawful controlled-substance sales, offers, furnishing, transport for transfer, and large-scale trafficking activity. | sale-of-a-controlled-substance | Sale of a Controlled Substance | felony | commercial;controlled-substance;economic;health-morals;misdemeanor;sale-transfer | 238.7 | 1500 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Sale of a Controlled Substance focuses on knowing participation in the sale, furnishing, brokering, or transfer of an unlawful controlled substance. | The offense may be proven by an attempted or negotiated sale even if officers do not recover the full quantity. | There must be evidence the person knowingly participated in the transfer, furnishing, brokering, or sale of an unlawful controlled substance. | Reports should document the substance, transaction terms, communications, money or barter, observed handoff, transport facts, and each participant's role. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | controlled-substance-sale-and-trafficking | EF-PC-07-007 | EF-PC-07-007-B | Controlled Substance Sale and Trafficking | Unlawful controlled-substance sales, offers, furnishing, transport for transfer, and large-scale trafficking activity. | drug-trafficking | Drug Trafficking | felony | commercial;controlled-substance;economic;felony;health-morals;licensing-status;sale-transfer | 670.7 | 5000 | 60 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Drug trafficking focuses on large-scale movement or logistics involving controlled substances. | The person need not personally carry the substance if they knowingly direct, guard, load, pilot, drive, or otherwise materially assist the transport. | The trafficking degree requires large-scale movement across, into, out of, or through the state and a quantity greater than 250 kg. | Reports should document route, origin and destination, border or state-line facts, weight, vehicle or container control, communications, and coordinated transport roles. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | driving-under-the-influence-of-narcotics | EF-PC-07-008 | EF-PC-07-008-A | Driving Under the Influence of Narcotics | Impaired operation or actual physical control of a motor vehicle on a public roadway while under the influence of narcotics, controlled substances, or impairing medication. | driving-under-the-influence-of-narcotics | Driving Under the Influence of Narcotics | felony | alcohol-intoxication;controlled-substance;felony;health-morals | 217.3 | 300 | 20 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;minor-injury;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Driving under the influence of narcotics focuses on impaired operation or actual physical control of a motor vehicle on a public roadway. | Impairment may be shown by driving behavior, field observations, admissions, drug evidence, medical indicators, or testing. | Lawful prescription use is not a defense when the person is impaired to the degree they cannot drive safely. | Reports should document operation or actual physical control, roadway location, driving pattern, impairment signs, statements, drug or medication evidence, and any tests performed. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | public-intoxication | EF-PC-07-009 | EF-PC-07-009-A | Public Intoxication | Intoxication in a public place that causes disruptive, obstructive, unsafe, or incapacitated conduct. | public-intoxication | Public Intoxication | infraction | alcohol-intoxication;controlled-substance;health-morals;infraction;justice-system;public-order | 12.2 | 150 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Public intoxication focuses on intoxication in a public place plus disruptive, unsafe, obstructive, or incapacitated conduct. | Intoxication alone is insufficient; officers should identify public location plus disruptive, unsafe, obstructive, or incapacitated conduct. | Public places include streets, sidewalks, parks, businesses open to the public, and other areas where the public may reasonably be present. | Reports should document signs of intoxication, the specific public conduct, witness concerns, warnings given, safety risks, and whether medical assistance was needed. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | public-indecency | EF-PC-07-010 | EF-PC-07-010-A | Public Indecency | Intentional public exposure, unclothed display, or sexualized conduct visible to nonconsenting persons. | public-indecency | Public Indecency | infraction | health-morals;infraction;sexual-public-morals | 14.1 | 200 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Public indecency focuses on intentional public exposure, unclothed display, or sexualized conduct visible to nonconsenting persons. | The offense requires intentional public exposure, unclothed display, or sexualized conduct visible to nonconsenting persons. | Accidental exposure, medical necessity, or conduct in a location where privacy is reasonably expected should not be charged under this section. | Reports should document the conduct in neutral terms, location, visibility to the public or witnesses, lack of consent, warnings, and evidence of intent. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | moonshine-offenses | EF-PC-07-011 | EF-PC-07-011-A | Moonshine Offenses | Unlicensed moonshine production, transport for distribution, furnishing, sale, and distribution. | unlawful-production-of-moonshine | Unlawful Production of Moonshine | misdemeanor | alcohol-intoxication;felony;health-morals;licensing-status;manufacturing-production | 77.4 | 750 | 5 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unlawful production of moonshine focuses on unlicensed production of alcoholic beverages or operation of equipment used for that production. | The offense may be proven by active production, operational stills, mash, fermenting alcohol, bottling materials, or other production equipment. | A completed sale is not required if the evidence shows unlicensed manufacturing, distilling, fermenting, bottling, or operation of production equipment. | Reports should document equipment, ingredients, product, location, lack of license or permit, safety hazards, volume, and any organized production indicators. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | moonshine-offenses | EF-PC-07-011 | EF-PC-07-011-B | Moonshine Offenses | Unlicensed moonshine production, transport for distribution, furnishing, sale, and distribution. | distribution-of-illegal-moonshine | Distribution of Illegal Moonshine | misdemeanor | alcohol-intoxication;commercial;economic;health-morals;misdemeanor;possession;sale-transfer | 68.7 | 350 | 5 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Distribution of illegal moonshine focuses on distribution conduct involving unlicensed alcoholic beverages, not mere personal possession. | Mere personal possession is not enough without facts showing sale, furnishing, distribution, transport for distribution, or intent to distribute. | Intent to distribute may be inferred from quantity, packaging, sales tools, delivery conduct, transaction communications, pricing, or customer lists. | Reports should document containers, volume, labels or lack of licensing, source if known, transport route, sale or furnishing facts, distribution indicators, and any connection to an illicit still. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | unauthorized-medical-practice | EF-PC-07-013 | EF-PC-07-013-A | Medical Practice and Privacy Offenses | Unauthorized medical practice, scope violations, medical title misuse, credential fraud, prescription fraud, and medical information privacy violations. | unauthorized-medical-practice | Unauthorized Medical Practice | misdemeanor | health-morals;licensing-status;medical-practice;misdemeanor | 127.4 | 750 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unauthorized Medical Practice focuses on unapproved diagnosis, treatment, prescribing, advertising, or medical-service conduct by someone who lacks the required medical authority. | The suspect must knowingly diagnose, treat, prescribe for, attempt to practice medicine on, advertise medical services to, hold themselves out as practicing medicine to, or direct medical care for another person while lacking required authority. | Covered acts may include patient assessment, treatment, medical orders, medication instructions, procedure preparation, use of restricted medical areas, or other healthcare services requiring authorization. | Good-faith emergency first aid, CPR, calling EMS, basic bleeding control, or life-saving stabilization should not be charged unless the suspect falsely claims medical authority or performs advanced care beyond immediate necessity. | Reports should document the diagnosis, treatment, advertisement, representation, instruction, or medical service, the claimed role if any, how authorization was checked, patient reliance or impact, witnesses, records, and whether an emergency-aid context existed. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | unauthorized-medical-practice | EF-PC-07-013 | EF-PC-07-013-B | Medical Practice and Privacy Offenses | Unauthorized medical practice, scope violations, medical title misuse, credential fraud, prescription fraud, and medical information privacy violations. | medical-scope-of-practice-violation | Medical Scope-of-Practice Violation | misdemeanor | health-morals;licensing-status;medical-practice;misdemeanor | 181.6 | 1000 | 15 | cooperation;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Medical Scope-of-Practice Violation covers real medical personnel who exceed the authority of their actual role. | The suspect should have some lawful medical, EMS, hospital, pharmacy, or administrative role, but the charged act must fall outside that role's authorized scope. | Examples include unauthorized surgery, prescriptions beyond role authority, treatment orders by trainees or administrators, use of restricted procedures without approval, or acting outside assigned department authority. | Ordinary negligence, a bad outcome, or a good-faith medical judgment error is not enough without proof that the suspect knowingly acted outside the authority of their role. | Reasonable emergency escalation may be treated as mitigation or excluded when no authorized provider is available and the act is limited to necessary life-saving stabilization. | Reports should document the suspect's actual role, the act performed, the applicable authorization limit, supervisor or policy information, patient impact, and why the act was outside scope. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | unauthorized-medical-practice | EF-PC-07-013 | EF-PC-07-013-C | Medical Practice and Privacy Offenses | Unauthorized medical practice, scope violations, medical title misuse, credential fraud, prescription fraud, and medical information privacy violations. | aggravated-unauthorized-medical-practice | Aggravated Unauthorized Medical Practice | felony | controlled-substance;felony;health-morals;licensing-status;medical-practice | 294.7 | 2000 | 25 | cooperation;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Aggravated Unauthorized Medical Practice is reserved for unauthorized medical conduct that creates elevated patient, public-health, or exploitation risk. | This degree should apply when unauthorized practice involves surgery, procedures that puncture the skin or harmfully invade the body, radiation or X-ray procedures, setting fractures, sedation, transfusion, experimental care, or comparable high-risk treatment. | This degree should also apply when the suspect prescribes or administers controlled substances or dangerous drugs, or directs a patient to discontinue medication prescribed by an authorized practitioner. | Aggravation may also be shown by repeated conduct, organized billing or patient recruitment, exploitation of vulnerable patients, concealment of medical harm, or actual serious injury. | The emergency-aid carveout remains available only for immediate stabilization reasonably necessary to prevent death or serious injury and not for broader treatment, surgery, prescriptions, or deception. | Reports should document the procedure or prescription, patient condition, medical risk, injury or deterioration, repeated or organized facts, records, communications, and any concealment or corrective aid. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | unauthorized-medical-practice | EF-PC-07-013 | EF-PC-07-013-D | Medical Practice and Privacy Offenses | Unauthorized medical practice, scope violations, medical title misuse, credential fraud, prescription fraud, and medical information privacy violations. | medical-title-misuse | Medical Title Misuse | misdemeanor | health-morals;licensing-status;medical-practice;misdemeanor | 72.4 | 500 | 5 | cooperation;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Medical Title Misuse is the misdemeanor lane for false or misleading medical titles when the title claim itself is the misconduct. | The suspect must use a title, abbreviation, credential, sign, advertisement, or other representation that would reasonably imply medical authority they do not possess. | This degree does not require proof that the suspect actually treated a patient, accessed records, obtained medication, or gained money or employment. | Use Medical Credential Fraud instead when the false title or credential is used to obtain trust, access, employment, money, records, medication, or authority over patient care. | Reports should document the title or credential used, where and how it was displayed, why it was false or misleading, who saw or relied on it, and whether any further benefit or patient-care conduct occurred. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | unauthorized-medical-practice | EF-PC-07-013 | EF-PC-07-013-E | Medical Practice and Privacy Offenses | Unauthorized medical practice, scope violations, medical title misuse, credential fraud, prescription fraud, and medical information privacy violations. | medical-credential-fraud | Medical Credential Fraud | felony | felony;fraud-related;health-morals;licensing-status;medical-practice | 238.7 | 1500 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Medical Credential Fraud targets false medical authority when the false role causes reliance, access, or control over medical decisions. | The false claim should involve a forged, fabricated, revoked, suspended, borrowed, or materially misleading medical or hospital credential, such as doctor, surgeon, psychiatrist, pharmacist, nurse, EMS supervisor, hospital administrator, prescription authority, or comparable clinical role. | The credential claim must matter to the incident by causing trust, access, employment, patient reliance, records access, medication access, billing, or authority over care. | Use Medical Title Misuse for bare misuse of a title without further access, benefit, or patient-care authority; use this degree when the false credential produces a consequential benefit or operational risk. | Reports should document the false title or credential, how it was presented, who relied on it, access or benefit gained, records or credentials used, and whether any patient care was affected. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | unauthorized-medical-practice | EF-PC-07-013 | EF-PC-07-013-F | Medical Practice and Privacy Offenses | Unauthorized medical practice, scope violations, medical title misuse, credential fraud, prescription fraud, and medical information privacy violations. | prescription-fraud | Prescription Fraud | felony | controlled-substance;felony;fraud-related;health-morals;licensing-status;medical-practice | 238.7 | 1500 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Prescription Fraud targets forged, altered, false, or deceptive prescription conduct, especially where medication or controlled substances are obtained or sought. | The suspect must knowingly forge, alter, use, issue, possess, or present a false prescription or medication order, or make a false statement in a medication-related record. | The charge also applies when a person falsely assumes an authorized medical, pharmacy, manufacturer, wholesaler, or comparable role to obtain medication or prescription authority. | A completed pickup is not required if the suspect attempts to obtain medication, controlled substances, administration, or prescription authority by fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, subterfuge, or concealment. | Reports should document the prescription or order, the medication involved, false statement or forged authority, pharmacy or hospital records, attempted or completed pickup, and any claimed medical role. | True |
| offenses-against-health-and-morals | Offenses Against Health and Morals | unauthorized-medical-practice | EF-PC-07-013 | EF-PC-07-013-G | Medical Practice and Privacy Offenses | Unauthorized medical practice, scope violations, medical title misuse, credential fraud, prescription fraud, and medical information privacy violations. | medical-information-privacy-violation | Medical Information Privacy Violation | misdemeanor | health-morals;licensing-status;medical-practice;misdemeanor;privacy | 131.6 | 1000 | 10 | cooperation;high-value-loss;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Medical Information Privacy Violation covers unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or mishandling of confidential patient information. | The information should identify or reasonably relate to a patient's medical condition, treatment, diagnosis, prescriptions, provider, billing, or medical history. | The suspect must lack lawful authorization, patient consent, duty-related need, or other legal permission to obtain, disclose, access, use, release, sell, share, abandon, destroy, or mishandle the information. | High-value-loss, multiple-victims, or related modifiers should be considered when the disclosure is for financial gain, repeated, broad in scope, or causes economic loss, identity theft, or personal injury. | Reports should document the information involved, access method, disclosure or use, authorization status, affected patients, harm or gain, corrective steps, and whether the release was accidental or willful. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-possession-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-001 | EF-PC-08-001-A | Criminal Possession of Weapons | Unlawful possession of weapons by class, including restricted melee weapons, firearms, automatic weapons, heavy weapons, and explosives. | criminal-possession-of-weapon-class-a | Criminal Possession of Weapon Class A | misdemeanor | explosive-related;felony;firearm-related;licensing-status;possession;public-safety;weapon-related | 65.8 | 250 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal possession of a Class A weapon focuses on unlawful possession of restricted melee or blunt weapons. | The suspect must knowingly possess or control the weapon, either on their person or in a place they control. | The weapon should fit the Class A definition or be used, modified, or carried in a way showing it is intended as a weapon. | Reports should document the weapon type, location found, access or control facts, license or prohibition status, and any circumstances showing unlawful possession. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-possession-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-001 | EF-PC-08-001-B | Criminal Possession of Weapons | Unlawful possession of weapons by class, including restricted melee weapons, firearms, automatic weapons, heavy weapons, and explosives. | criminal-possession-of-weapon-class-b | Criminal Possession of Weapon Class B | felony | explosive-related;felony;firearm-related;licensing-status;possession;public-safety;weapon-related | 144.7 | 2000 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;on-release | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal possession of a Class B weapon focuses on unlawful possession of ordinary firearms, including handguns, revolvers, shotguns, and semi-automatic rifles. | The suspect must knowingly possess or control the firearm, either directly or constructively. | The charge requires a licensing, registration, prohibition, or other authorization defect tied to the suspect or firearm. | Reports should document firearm type, serial or registration status, location, access or control facts, license status, and the basis for unlawful possession. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-possession-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-001 | EF-PC-08-001-C | Criminal Possession of Weapons | Unlawful possession of weapons by class, including restricted melee weapons, firearms, automatic weapons, heavy weapons, and explosives. | criminal-possession-of-weapon-class-c | Criminal Possession of Weapon Class C | felony | explosive-related;felony;firearm-related;licensing-status;possession;public-safety;weapon-related | 220.7 | 5000 | 15 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;on-release | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal possession of a Class C weapon focuses on unlawful possession of automatic firearms. | The firearm should be capable of automatic fire or have a modification that materially converts it into an automatic weapon. | The suspect must knowingly possess or control the firearm and lack lawful authority to do so. | Reports should document firearm type, automatic capability or modification, serial or registration status, access or control facts, and license or prohibition status. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-possession-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-001 | EF-PC-08-001-D | Criminal Possession of Weapons | Unlawful possession of weapons by class, including restricted melee weapons, firearms, automatic weapons, heavy weapons, and explosives. | criminal-possession-of-weapon-class-d | Criminal Possession of Weapon Class D | felony | explosive-related;felony;firearm-related;licensing-status;possession;public-safety;weapon-related | 286.6 | 7500 | 20 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;on-release | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal possession of a Class D weapon focuses on unlawful possession of heavy weapons, explosives, or destructive devices. | The item should be an explosive, destructive device, heavy weapon, or component assembled or possessed for use as one. | The suspect must knowingly possess or control the item and lack lawful authorization, permit, or duty-related reason. | Reports should document device type, explosive capability, location, safety risks, access or control facts, and any bomb squad or specialist findings. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-sale-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-002 | EF-PC-08-002-A | Criminal Sale of Weapons | Unlawful sale, furnishing, distribution, or transfer of weapons by class. | criminal-sale-of-weapon-class-a | Criminal Sale of Weapon Class A | felony | commercial;economic;felony;public-safety;sale-transfer;weapon-related | 271.2 | 450 | 25 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal sale of a Class A weapon focuses on unlawful transfer or attempted transfer of restricted melee or blunt weapons. | A completed exchange is not required if the suspect knowingly offers, arranges, furnishes, trades, or distributes the weapon. | The item should fit the Class A definition or be carried, modified, or marketed as a weapon. | Reports should document the weapon, transfer terms, communications, money or barter, recipient, observed handoff, and any unlawful transfer facts. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-sale-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-002 | EF-PC-08-002-B | Criminal Sale of Weapons | Unlawful sale, furnishing, distribution, or transfer of weapons by class. | criminal-sale-of-weapon-class-b | Criminal Sale of Weapon Class B | felony | commercial;economic;felony;firearm-related;public-safety;sale-transfer;weapon-related | 170.7 | 5000 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;on-release | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal sale of a Class B weapon focuses on unlawful transfer or attempted transfer of ordinary firearms, including handguns, revolvers, shotguns, and semi-automatic rifles. | The offense may be proven by a completed sale, attempted sale, brokered transfer, furnishing, trade, or arranged delivery. | The firearm's licensing, registration, or recipient eligibility problems should be documented when known. | Reports should document firearm type, serial or registration status, transfer terms, communications, money or barter, recipient, and observed handoff or delivery plan. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-sale-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-002 | EF-PC-08-002-C | Criminal Sale of Weapons | Unlawful sale, furnishing, distribution, or transfer of weapons by class. | criminal-sale-of-weapon-class-c | Criminal Sale of Weapon Class C | felony | commercial;economic;felony;firearm-related;public-safety;sale-transfer;weapon-related | 244.9 | 9000 | 15 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;on-release | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal sale of a Class C weapon focuses on unlawful transfer or attempted transfer of automatic firearms. | The firearm should be capable of automatic fire or have a modification that materially converts it into an automatic weapon. | A completed exchange is not required if the suspect knowingly arranges, offers, furnishes, or brokers the transfer. | Reports should document automatic capability, transfer terms, communications, money or barter, recipient, delivery plan, and any test-fire or specialist findings. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-sale-of-weapons | EF-PC-08-002 | EF-PC-08-002-D | Criminal Sale of Weapons | Unlawful sale, furnishing, distribution, or transfer of weapons by class. | criminal-sale-of-weapon-class-d | Criminal Sale of Weapon Class D | felony | commercial;economic;explosive-related;felony;public-safety;sale-transfer;weapon-related | 709.5 | 12000 | 60 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal sale of a Class D weapon focuses on unlawful transfer or attempted transfer of heavy weapons, explosives, or destructive devices. | The item should be an explosive, destructive device, heavy weapon, or component transferred for use as one. | A completed exchange is not required if the suspect knowingly offers, arranges, furnishes, trades, or distributes the item. | Reports should document device type, explosive capability, transfer terms, communications, recipient, safety risks, and any specialist findings. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-use-of-weapons-and-explosives | EF-PC-08-003 | EF-PC-08-003-A | Criminal Use of Weapons and Explosives | Use of weapons, firearms, explosives, or incendiary devices during the commission of another criminal offense. | criminal-use-of-weapon | Criminal Use of Weapon | felony | explosive-related;firearm-related;misdemeanor;public-safety;weapon-related | 283.2 | 4000 | 22 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;firearm-discharged;occupied-structure-or-vehicle;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal use of a weapon focuses on weapon involvement during another criminal offense. | The weapon must be used to facilitate, threaten, injure, intimidate, or advance the underlying offense. | Mere possession of a weapon near a crime may fit possession charges instead unless the weapon was actively used or displayed in connection with the offense. | Reports should document the underlying offense, weapon type, how it was used, victim or witness reaction, shell casings or injuries, and any statements. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-use-of-weapons-and-explosives | EF-PC-08-003 | EF-PC-08-003-B | Criminal Use of Weapons and Explosives | Use of weapons, firearms, explosives, or incendiary devices during the commission of another criminal offense. | criminal-use-of-explosives | Criminal Use of Explosives | felony | explosive-related;felony;firearm-related;public-safety;weapon-related | 370.7 | 5000 | 30 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;high-value-loss;occupied-structure-or-vehicle;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal use of explosives focuses on explosive or incendiary devices used during another criminal offense. | The explosive or incendiary device must be used, placed, deployed, detonated, or attempted in connection with the underlying offense. | Possession of an explosive device without use may fit Class D possession unless facts show deployment or attempted deployment. | Reports should document the underlying offense, device type, placement or detonation facts, damage, injuries, evacuation or safety risks, and any specialist findings. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | illegal-firearm-configuration | EF-PC-08-004 | EF-PC-08-004-A | Illegal Firearm Configuration | Possession of firearms with prohibited functional modifications or separate serial-number defects. | possession-of-illegal-firearm-modifications | Possession of Illegal Firearm Modifications | misdemeanor | firearm-related;misdemeanor;possession;public-safety;weapon-related | 113.2 | 4000 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of illegal firearm modifications focuses on firearms altered or equipped with prohibited functional features, separate from serial-number defects. | The suspect must knowingly possess or control the firearm and the prohibited modification should be attached, installed, or possessed with the firearm for use. | Examples include conversion switches, unlawful extended magazines, suppressors, or comparable prohibited attachments or conversions. | Reports should document the firearm, modification, how the modification was identified, access or control facts, and any test or specialist findings. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | illegal-firearm-configuration | EF-PC-08-004 | EF-PC-08-004-B | Illegal Firearm Configuration | Possession of firearms with prohibited functional modifications or separate serial-number defects. | possession-of-firearms-without-serial-numbers | Possession of Firearms Without Serial Numbers | misdemeanor | firearm-related;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession;public-safety;weapon-related | 100 | 2500 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Possession of firearms without serial numbers focuses on missing, removed, obliterated, unregistered, or untraceable firearm serial numbers. | The firearm must lack a required serial number, have a removed or obliterated serial number, be untraceable, or fail required registration checks. | A valid firearm license does not excuse possession of an unserialized, unregistered, untraceable, or serial-altered firearm. | Reports should document the firearm, serial-number location, database or registration check, photos of markings, access or control facts, and any specialist inspection. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | weapon-trafficking | EF-PC-08-005 | EF-PC-08-005-A | Weapon Trafficking | Large-scale transportation, coordination, sale, or distribution of illegal firearms or weapons. | weapon-trafficking | Weapon Trafficking | felony | commercial;economic;felony;firearm-related;public-safety;sale-transfer;weapon-related | 554.9 | 11000 | 45 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Weapon trafficking focuses on large-scale movement or logistics involving illegal firearms or weapons intended for sale or distribution. | The offense requires more than 8 illegal firearms or weapons and facts showing intent to sell or distribute. | The suspect need not personally own every weapon if they knowingly coordinate, guard, load, transport, pilot, drive, or materially assist the shipment. | Reports should document weapon count, route, origin and destination, vehicle or container control, communications, payment, and each participant's transport role. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | illegal-manufacturing-of-firearms | EF-PC-08-006 | EF-PC-08-006-A | Illegal Manufacturing of Firearms | Unlawful manufacturing, assembly, modification, completion, or serialization of firearms. | illegal-manufacturing-of-firearms | Illegal Manufacturing of Firearms | felony | felony;firearm-related;licensing-status;manufacturing-production;public-safety;weapon-related | 277.5 | 6000 | 20 | cooperation;organized-activity;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Illegal manufacturing of firearms focuses on unauthorized firearm production, assembly, completion, conversion, modification, or serialization defects. | Manufacturing includes building, assembling, completing, converting, or materially modifying a firearm or receiver. | The offense may be based on prohibited weapon type, lack of eligibility, missing serial registration, lack of required authorization, or unlawful completion or conversion of a firearm. | Unlawful transfer or attempted transfer of a completed firearm should ordinarily be charged under Criminal Sale of Weapons rather than this offense. | Reports should document parts, tools, unfinished receivers, completed firearms, serial numbers, registration checks, workshop setup, and suspect statements. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | brandishing-weapons | EF-PC-08-007 | EF-PC-08-007-A | Brandishing Weapons | Reckless or threatening display of weapons or firearms in public without lawful defensive need. | brandishing-a-weapon | Brandishing a Weapon | misdemeanor | firearm-related;misdemeanor;public-order;public-safety;violent;weapon-related | 42.4 | 500 | 2 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Brandishing a weapon focuses on reckless or threatening public display of a non-firearm weapon. | The display must be more than ordinary possession or transport; it should be reckless, threatening, or likely to alarm others. | Lawful self-defense, defense of others, authorized duty use, or safe handling for transport should not be charged as brandishing. | Reports should document the weapon, public location, display conduct, words or gestures, witness reaction, perceived threat, and any claimed justification. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | brandishing-weapons | EF-PC-08-007 | EF-PC-08-007-B | Brandishing Weapons | Reckless or threatening display of weapons or firearms in public without lawful defensive need. | brandishing-a-firearm | Brandishing a Firearm | misdemeanor | firearm-related;misdemeanor;public-order;public-safety;violent;weapon-related | 100 | 2500 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Brandishing a firearm focuses on reckless or threatening public display of a firearm. | The display must be more than ordinary lawful possession; pointing, raising, drawing, or threatening display can satisfy this degree. | Lawful self-defense, defense of others, authorized duty use, or safe handling for transport should not be charged as brandishing. | Reports should document firearm type, public location, display or pointing conduct, words or gestures, victim or witness reaction, perceived threat, and any claimed justification. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | insurrection | EF-PC-08-008 | EF-PC-08-008-A | Insurrection | Inciting, assisting, organizing, or engaging in armed or forceful rebellion against lawful government authority. | insurrection | Insurrection | felony | felony;government;organized-activity;public-order;public-safety | 1341.4 | 20000 | 120 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Insurrection is reserved for organized violent resistance to lawful government authority, not ordinary protest or isolated disorder. | The conduct should involve incitement, organization, assistance, or participation in a forceful uprising against lawful government authority. | Protected speech, peaceful protest, or general anti-government statements should not be charged without facts showing force, rebellion, or material assistance to one. | Reports should document the organized objective, participants, weapons or force, targets, communications, overt acts, and how the conduct opposed lawful authority. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | flying-into-restricted-airspace | EF-PC-08-009 | EF-PC-08-009-A | Flying into Restricted Airspace | Unauthorized aircraft operation through restricted or controlled airspace. | flying-into-restricted-airspace | Flying into Restricted Airspace | felony | felony;licensing-status;public-safety | 127.4 | 750 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Flying into restricted airspace focuses on unauthorized aircraft operation in protected or controlled airspace. | The aircraft must enter, pass through, or fly over restricted airspace, or enter controlled airspace without required authorization. | Navigation error, emergency landing, or air-control direction may mitigate or defeat the charge depending on the facts. | Reports should document aircraft type, pilot identity, flight path, altitude, restricted zone, air-control communications, warnings, and any safety or security response. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | jaywalking | EF-PC-08-010 | EF-PC-08-010-A | Jaywalking | Unsafe or prohibited pedestrian crossing near an available lawful crossing. | jaywalking | Jaywalking | infraction | commercial;economic;infraction;public-safety;sale-transfer | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Jaywalking is a citation-level pedestrian safety offense for crossing outside a nearby lawful crossing. | The person should be within 100 meters of an available valid crossing and choose to cross outside it. | Officer discretion is appropriate when traffic is light, the crossing is not realistically available, or no safety risk is created. | Reports should document crossing location, nearest valid crossing, estimated distance, traffic conditions, visibility, and any hazard or obstruction created. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | improper-firearm-storage-and-handling | EF-PC-08-011 | EF-PC-08-011-A | Improper Firearm Storage and Handling | Unsafe firearm storage, failure to report lost or stolen firearms, improper lending, or providing firearm access to unauthorized persons. | improper-storage-of-firearm | Improper Storage of Firearm | misdemeanor | firearm-related;licensing-status;misdemeanor;public-safety;weapon-related | 88.7 | 1500 | 5 | cooperation;minor-injury;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Improper storage of a firearm focuses on unsafe storage that creates a realistic risk of unauthorized access. | The firearm should be stored or left in an unsecured container, vehicle, room, or location where unauthorized access is reasonably possible. | Temporary handling under the owner's immediate control is different from leaving a firearm unsecured and unattended. | Reports should document firearm type, storage location, lock or container status, who could access it, duration left unsecured, and any theft or misuse risk. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | improper-firearm-storage-and-handling | EF-PC-08-011 | EF-PC-08-011-B | Improper Firearm Storage and Handling | Unsafe firearm storage, failure to report lost or stolen firearms, improper lending, or providing firearm access to unauthorized persons. | improper-handling-of-firearm | Improper Handling of Firearm | misdemeanor | firearm-related;licensing-status;misdemeanor;public-safety;weapon-related | 88.7 | 1500 | 5 | cooperation;minor-injury;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Improper handling of a firearm focuses on irresponsible transfer, access, or reporting conduct by a person responsible for a firearm. | The offense may involve failing to report a lost or stolen firearm, lending a firearm outside lawful supervision, or giving access to an unlicensed or prohibited person. | The suspect should know or reasonably should know the firearm was lost, stolen, loaned, or made accessible in an unlawful way. | Reports should document firearm ownership or responsibility, report timing, recipient license status, supervision facts, access provided, and any resulting possession or misuse. | True |
| offenses-against-public-safety | Offenses Against Public Safety | criminal-possession-of-ammunition | EF-PC-08-012 | EF-PC-08-012-A | Criminal Possession of Ammunition | Unlawful possession of ammunition by unlicensed persons or persons legally prohibited from possessing ammunition. | criminal-possession-of-ammunition | Criminal Possession of Ammunition | misdemeanor | felony;firearm-related;government;justice-system;licensing-status;possession;public-safety;weapon-related | 72.4 | 500 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Criminal possession of ammunition focuses on ammunition possessed by a person who is unlicensed or legally prohibited from possessing it. | The suspect must knowingly possess or control ammunition, either on their person or in a place they control. | The unlawful basis may be lack of a valid firearms license, criminal-history prohibition, court order, or other disqualifying status. | Reports should document ammunition type and quantity, location found, access or control facts, license status, prohibition basis, and any related firearm. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | driving-while-intoxicated | EF-PC-09-001 | EF-PC-09-001-A | Driving While Intoxicated | Alcohol-impaired operation or actual physical control of a motor vehicle. | driving-while-intoxicated | Driving While Intoxicated | misdemeanor | alcohol-intoxication;misdemeanor;traffic;vehicle | 60 | 100 | 5 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;minor-injury;multiple-victims;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Driving while intoxicated focuses on alcohol-impaired operation or actual physical control of a motor vehicle. | The suspect must operate or be in actual physical control of a motor vehicle. | Impairment may be shown by a BAC over 0.08, driving behavior, field observations, admissions, odor of alcohol, or testing. | Reports should document operation or control, roadway or location, impairment signs, BAC or test results, statements, and any collision or injury facts. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | evading | EF-PC-09-002 | EF-PC-09-002-A | Evading | Willful flight from a pursuing peace officer after a visual or audible stop command, with elevated treatment for reckless or dangerous flight. | evading | Evading | misdemeanor | government;justice-system;misdemeanor;traffic;vehicle | 118.7 | 350 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Evading focuses on willful failure to stop for a pursuing peace officer after a clear stop command. | The officer must communicate the stop request visually or audibly, such as lights, siren, horn, PA, hand signal, or direct verbal command. | The suspect must know or reasonably understand that a peace officer is attempting to stop them and then willfully flee or avoid the stop. | Reports should document the vehicle or craft, officer signal, pursuit start, suspect response, route, duration, and any statements or dashcam/bodycam evidence. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | evading | EF-PC-09-002 | EF-PC-09-002-B | Evading | Willful flight from a pursuing peace officer after a visual or audible stop command, with elevated treatment for reckless or dangerous flight. | reckless-evading | Reckless Evading | felony | felony;government;justice-system;traffic;vehicle | 238.7 | 1500 | 20 | cooperation;prior-conviction;on-release;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Reckless evading is evading elevated by dangerous operation during the flight. | The basic evading elements should be satisfied before applying this felony degree. | Recklessness may include unsafe speed, brake checking, wrong-way travel, failure to maintain lanes, collisions, near misses, or disregard for pedestrians and traffic controls. | Reports should document the stop command, pursuit route, specific dangerous acts, speeds, traffic and pedestrian conditions, collisions, injuries, and public-safety risks. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | emergency-and-traffic-control-compliance | EF-PC-09-003 | EF-PC-09-003-A | Emergency and Traffic Control Compliance | Failure to yield to emergency vehicles or obey traffic control devices. | failure-to-yield-to-emergency-vehicle | Failure to Yield to Emergency Vehicle | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;traffic;vehicle | 11 | 120 | 0 | minor-injury;citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Failure to yield to an emergency vehicle focuses on not safely yielding after an authorized emergency warning signal. | The emergency vehicle should use lights, siren, horn, or other authorized warning equipment sufficient to alert a reasonable driver. | Drivers should safely move aside, slow, stop, or otherwise clear the path when conditions permit. | Reports should document the emergency signal, driver location, traffic conditions, available opportunity to yield, driver response, and any delay or hazard created. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | emergency-and-traffic-control-compliance | EF-PC-09-003 | EF-PC-09-003-B | Emergency and Traffic Control Compliance | Failure to yield to emergency vehicles or obey traffic control devices. | failure-to-obey-traffic-control-device | Failure to Obey Traffic Control Device | infraction | commercial;economic;infraction;licensing-status;sale-transfer;traffic;vehicle | 12.2 | 150 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Failure to obey a traffic control device covers noncompliance with lawful signs, signals, markings, and directed traffic controls. | The traffic control device or officer direction should be visible, applicable, and lawful for the driver's movement. | This offense is for ordinary traffic-control violations unless the conduct is dangerous enough to fit negligent or reckless driving. | Reports should document the device or direction, location, driver action, visibility, traffic conditions, and any safety risk or collision. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | vehicle-roadworthiness-and-equipment | EF-PC-09-004 | EF-PC-09-004-A | Vehicle Roadworthiness and Equipment | Operation of vehicles that are not roadworthy, improperly equipped, unlawfully modified, or noncompliant with commercial inspection requirements. | unroadworthy-vehicle | Unroadworthy Vehicle | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;property-damage;traffic;vehicle | 21.2 | 450 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unroadworthy vehicle focuses on public-road operation of vehicles that are not lawful or safe for road use. | The vehicle should be operated on a public roadway and be unapproved, unsafe, or missing required equipment for lawful road use. | Examples include off-road vehicles, tracked vehicles, race-only vehicles, golf carts, or damage that materially affects safe operation. | Reports should document roadway location, vehicle type, missing equipment or damage, registration or road-use status, photos, and any safety risk observed. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | vehicle-roadworthiness-and-equipment | EF-PC-09-004 | EF-PC-09-004-B | Vehicle Roadworthiness and Equipment | Operation of vehicles that are not roadworthy, improperly equipped, unlawfully modified, or noncompliant with commercial inspection requirements. | driving-without-headlights-or-signals | Driving without Headlights or Signals | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;traffic;vehicle | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Driving without headlights or signals focuses on failure to use required vehicle lighting or signaling equipment when conditions require it. | The lighting or signal requirement may arise from darkness, low visibility, inclement weather, turning, stopping, lane changes, or hazard conditions. | Equipment failure may still support the charge when the vehicle is operated despite the defect, but officer discretion may apply for minor or newly discovered issues. | Reports should document conditions, missing or unused equipment, driver maneuver, visibility, officer observations, and any warning or citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | vehicle-roadworthiness-and-equipment | EF-PC-09-004 | EF-PC-09-004-C | Vehicle Roadworthiness and Equipment | Operation of vehicles that are not roadworthy, improperly equipped, unlawfully modified, or noncompliant with commercial inspection requirements. | illegal-vehicle-modifications | Illegal Vehicle Modifications | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;traffic;vehicle | 25.5 | 650 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Illegal vehicle modifications focuses on public-road use of vehicles with upgrades restricted to off-road, track, or non-street use. | The vehicle should be on a public street or roadway and have a modification prohibited for street use. | Covered modifications include Tier 4 or 5 engines, Tier 3 or 4 transmissions, NOS, nitrous systems, or comparable performance upgrades. | Reports should document the vehicle, public-road location, observed or inspected modifications, owner or driver connection, photos, and any safety or enforcement basis. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | vehicle-roadworthiness-and-equipment | EF-PC-09-004 | EF-PC-09-004-D | Vehicle Roadworthiness and Equipment | Operation of vehicles that are not roadworthy, improperly equipped, unlawfully modified, or noncompliant with commercial inspection requirements. | commercial-vehicle-violation | Commercial Vehicle Violation | infraction | commercial;economic;infraction;licensing-status;traffic;vehicle | 31.6 | 1000 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Commercial vehicle violation focuses on commercial vehicles that fail inspection or violate commercial operation requirements. | The vehicle should be used as a commercial vehicle or subject to commercial inspection requirements. | The violation may be based on failed inspection, unsafe condition, missing required documents, overweight load, or other commercial compliance defect. | Reports should document vehicle and business identifiers, driver or owner role, inspection results, specific defect, paperwork, load facts, and any out-of-service order. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | vehicle-roadworthiness-and-equipment | EF-PC-09-004 | EF-PC-09-004-E | Vehicle Roadworthiness and Equipment | Operation of vehicles that are not roadworthy, improperly equipped, unlawfully modified, or noncompliant with commercial inspection requirements. | operating-boat-without-required-safety-equipment | Operating Boat Without Required Safety Equipment | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;public-safety;traffic;vehicle | 17.3 | 300 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Operating boat without required safety equipment focuses on required safety gear for occupied watercraft. | The vessel should be operated, launched, underway, or otherwise used on the water while one or more occupants are aboard. | Required equipment includes one wearable life jacket for each occupant, one throwable life preserver ring, and a marine emergency kit. | The required equipment should be onboard, accessible, and usable in an emergency; missing, locked-away, inaccessible, or unusable equipment may support the charge. | Reports should document the vessel, operator, occupant count, missing or unusable equipment, location, photos or inspection notes, and any warning or citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | unsafe-vehicle-operation | EF-PC-09-005 | EF-PC-09-005-A | Unsafe Vehicle Operation | Unsafe, negligent, reckless, competitive, or disruptive operation of motor vehicles. | negligent-driving | Negligent Driving | infraction | infraction;traffic;vehicle | 22.4 | 500 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Negligent driving focuses on unsafe driving caused by lack of reasonable care rather than intentional or highly reckless conduct. | Examples include distracted driving, unsafe lane movement, failure to slow or move over for stationary emergency or service vehicles, or other careless operation. | This infraction should be distinguished from reckless driving when the conduct shows conscious disregard for safety. | Reports should document driving behavior, traffic and pedestrian conditions, risk created, witnesses, road conditions, and any warning or citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | unsafe-vehicle-operation | EF-PC-09-005 | EF-PC-09-005-B | Unsafe Vehicle Operation | Unsafe, negligent, reckless, competitive, or disruptive operation of motor vehicles. | reckless-driving | Reckless Driving | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;traffic;vehicle | 126.9 | 725 | 10 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;minor-injury;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Reckless driving is unsafe operation elevated by conscious disregard for safety. | Recklessness requires more than ordinary negligence and should involve dangerous conduct that the driver knew or should have known created a serious risk. | Examples include brake checking, high-risk speed changes, wrong-way travel, repeated unsafe lane changes, near collisions, or disregard for pedestrians and traffic controls. | Reports should document the specific maneuvers, speeds, traffic and pedestrian conditions, near misses or collisions, witness observations, and why the conduct was reckless. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | unsafe-vehicle-operation | EF-PC-09-005 | EF-PC-09-005-C | Unsafe Vehicle Operation | Unsafe, negligent, reckless, competitive, or disruptive operation of motor vehicles. | motor-vehicle-contest | Motor Vehicle Contest | misdemeanor | licensing-status;misdemeanor;traffic;vehicle | 131.6 | 1000 | 10 | cooperation;organized-activity;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Motor vehicle contest focuses on unauthorized racing or competitive driving on public roadways. | The contest may be shown by side-by-side acceleration, coordinated start points, timing, spectators, callouts, wagers, or communications arranging a race. | A completed race is not required if the suspect attempts, organizes, or begins a public-road contest. | Reports should document participants, vehicles, route, start or finish point, speeds, spectators, communications, and any safety risks or road closures. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | unsafe-vehicle-operation | EF-PC-09-005 | EF-PC-09-005-D | Unsafe Vehicle Operation | Unsafe, negligent, reckless, competitive, or disruptive operation of motor vehicles. | public-disturbance-by-motor-vehicle | Public Disturbance by Motor Vehicle | infraction | infraction;traffic;vehicle | 18.7 | 350 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Public disturbance by motor vehicle focuses on vehicle-related noise, smoke, or conduct that unreasonably disrupts public peace. | The conduct should be more than momentary ordinary vehicle noise and should unreasonably disturb nearby people or public spaces. | Examples include excessive burnouts, repeated revving, loud music, horn misuse, smoke, or similar disruptive vehicle conduct. | Reports should document location, duration, conduct, noise or smoke level, witnesses or complaints, warnings given, and any citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | speeding | EF-PC-09-006 | EF-PC-09-006-A | Speeding | Vehicle operation above the posted speed limit, with elevated treatment for excessive speed. | speeding-1-10 | Speeding 1-10 | infraction | infraction;traffic;vehicle | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Speeding 1-10 covers the lowest speed tier above the posted limit. | The measured speed should exceed the posted speed limit by no more than 10 mph. | Speed should be based on radar, pacing, aircraft observation, reliable speed display, or other reasonable measurement. | Reports should document posted limit, measured speed, method used, location, traffic and weather conditions, and any citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | speeding | EF-PC-09-006 | EF-PC-09-006-B | Speeding | Vehicle operation above the posted speed limit, with elevated treatment for excessive speed. | speeding-11-25 | Speeding 11-25 | infraction | infraction;traffic;vehicle | 22.4 | 500 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Speeding 11-25 covers moderate speeding above the posted limit. | The measured speed should be at least 11 mph and no more than 25 mph over the posted speed limit. | Speed should be based on radar, pacing, aircraft observation, reliable speed display, or other reasonable measurement. | Reports should document posted limit, measured speed, method used, location, traffic and weather conditions, and any citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | speeding | EF-PC-09-006 | EF-PC-09-006-C | Speeding | Vehicle operation above the posted speed limit, with elevated treatment for excessive speed. | speeding-26-39 | Speeding 26-39 | infraction | infraction;traffic;vehicle | 26.5 | 700 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Speeding 26-39 covers high-speed operation below the reckless-speeding tier. | The measured speed should be at least 26 mph and no more than 39 mph over the posted speed limit. | Speed should be based on radar, pacing, aircraft observation, reliable speed display, or other reasonable measurement. | Reports should document posted limit, measured speed, method used, location, traffic and weather conditions, and any safety risk observed. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | speeding | EF-PC-09-006 | EF-PC-09-006-D | Speeding | Vehicle operation above the posted speed limit, with elevated treatment for excessive speed. | reckless-speeding-40 | Reckless Speeding (40+) | misdemeanor | misdemeanor;traffic;vehicle | 33.2 | 1100 | 0 | voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Reckless speeding is the highest speeding tier and is based on extreme speed over the posted limit. | The measured speed should be at least 40 mph over the posted speed limit. | This degree is based on speed alone, but separate reckless driving may apply when the facts include additional dangerous operation. | Reports should document posted limit, measured speed, method used, location, traffic and weather conditions, and any collision, near miss, or public-safety risk. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | operator-licensing-and-presentation | EF-PC-09-007 | EF-PC-09-007-A | Operator Licensing and Presentation | Operation of vehicles or aircraft without proper licensing, or failure to present required driver licensing on request. | unlicensed-operation-of-vehicle | Unlicensed Operation of Vehicle | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;traffic;vehicle | 18.7 | 350 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unlicensed operation of vehicle focuses on driving without the required license class or valid driving privilege. | The vehicle should be operated on a public roadway and require a license class the driver does not hold or that is suspended, revoked, or invalid. | This offense is distinct from failing to present a license when the driver is licensed but cannot or will not display it. | Reports should document vehicle class, roadway location, driver identity, license check results, suspension or revocation status, and any citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | operator-licensing-and-presentation | EF-PC-09-007 | EF-PC-09-007-B | Operator Licensing and Presentation | Operation of vehicles or aircraft without proper licensing, or failure to present required driver licensing on request. | failing-to-present-a-driver-s-license | Failing to Present a Driver's License | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;traffic;vehicle | 14.1 | 200 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Failing to present a driver's license focuses on not displaying proof of driving privilege upon lawful request. | The person should be operating a motor vehicle and receive a lawful officer request to present a driver's license. | If the person has no valid license for the vehicle class, unlicensed operation may better fit or may also apply depending on policy. | Reports should document the stop basis, request made, response, license check results, identification provided, and any citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | operator-licensing-and-presentation | EF-PC-09-007 | EF-PC-09-007-C | Operator Licensing and Presentation | Operation of vehicles or aircraft without proper licensing, or failure to present required driver licensing on request. | piloting-without-proper-licensing | Piloting without Proper Licensing | felony | felony;identity-document;licensing-status;traffic;vehicle | 238.7 | 1500 | 20 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Piloting without proper licensing focuses on aircraft operation without required aviation credentials or authorization. | The person should operate, taxi, take off, land, or attempt to operate an aircraft requiring a license, rating, or authorization they do not hold. | Emergency operation or instruction under authorized supervision may mitigate or defeat the charge depending on the facts. | Reports should document aircraft type, operation performed, pilot identity, license or rating check, flight plan or authorization, air-control communications, and safety risks. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | traffic-movement-and-parking-violations | EF-PC-09-008 | EF-PC-09-008-A | Traffic Movement and Parking Violations | Improper vehicle movement, lane use, turning, passing, and parking violations. | illegal-u-turn | Illegal U-Turn | infraction | commercial;economic;infraction;licensing-status;sale-transfer;traffic;vehicle | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Illegal U-turn focuses on turning around where roadway controls or conditions prohibit it. | The U-turn should occur where signs, lane markings, median design, traffic controls, or safety conditions prohibit the maneuver. | Officer discretion may apply where markings are unclear and the turn creates no traffic hazard. | Reports should document location, signs or markings, traffic conditions, maneuver observed, hazard created, and any citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | traffic-movement-and-parking-violations | EF-PC-09-008 | EF-PC-09-008-B | Traffic Movement and Parking Violations | Improper vehicle movement, lane use, turning, passing, and parking violations. | illegal-passing | Illegal Passing | infraction | commercial;economic;infraction;sale-transfer;traffic;vehicle | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Illegal passing focuses on passing another vehicle where the maneuver is prohibited or unsafe. | The passing maneuver may be unlawful because of lane markings, signs, oncoming traffic, intersections, visibility, shoulders, or other roadway conditions. | Unsafe passing that creates a serious danger may also support negligent or reckless driving depending on the facts. | Reports should document the passing location, markings or signs, traffic conditions, vehicles involved, hazard created, and any witness or video evidence. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | traffic-movement-and-parking-violations | EF-PC-09-008 | EF-PC-09-008-C | Traffic Movement and Parking Violations | Improper vehicle movement, lane use, turning, passing, and parking violations. | failure-to-maintain-lane | Failure to Maintain Lane | infraction | infraction;traffic;vehicle | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Failure to maintain lane focuses on unsafe or prohibited lane departure. | The vehicle should leave its lane, cross prohibited markings, drift, or change lanes without reasonable safety. | Brief lane movement caused by road hazards, emergency vehicles, or lawful avoidance may mitigate or defeat the charge. | Reports should document lane markings, vehicle movement, traffic conditions, duration or repetition, hazard created, and any video or witness evidence. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | traffic-movement-and-parking-violations | EF-PC-09-008 | EF-PC-09-008-D | Traffic Movement and Parking Violations | Improper vehicle movement, lane use, turning, passing, and parking violations. | illegal-turn | Illegal Turn | infraction | commercial;economic;infraction;sale-transfer;traffic;vehicle | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Illegal turn focuses on prohibited, improperly positioned, or unsafe turning movements. | The turn may be unlawful because of signs, signals, lane arrows, wrong-lane positioning, roadway design, or unsafe traffic conditions. | Unsafe turning that creates a serious danger may also support negligent or reckless driving depending on the facts. | Reports should document the intersection or roadway, signs or markings, lane position, turn made, traffic conditions, and any hazard or collision. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | traffic-movement-and-parking-violations | EF-PC-09-008 | EF-PC-09-008-E | Traffic Movement and Parking Violations | Improper vehicle movement, lane use, turning, passing, and parking violations. | unauthorized-parking | Unauthorized Parking | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;regulatory;traffic;vehicle;wildlife-animal | 10 | 100 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unauthorized parking focuses on stopping or leaving a vehicle where parking is prohibited or obstructive. | The vehicle should be parked, stopped, or left in a prohibited place or in a way that obstructs traffic, pedestrians, emergency access, or marked restrictions. | Temporary emergency stopping, officer direction, or unavoidable vehicle failure may mitigate or defeat the charge depending on the facts. | Reports should document vehicle location, posted signs or curb markings, obstruction created, duration if known, owner or driver connection, and any tow or citation discretion. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-operation-of-a-vehicle | Offenses Involving the Operation of a Vehicle | hit-and-run | EF-PC-09-009 | EF-PC-09-009-A | Hit and Run | Leaving the scene of a motor vehicle collision without stopping, identifying oneself, or exchanging required information. | hit-and-run | Hit and Run | misdemeanor | licensing-status;misdemeanor;traffic;vehicle | 122.4 | 500 | 10 | public-servant-victim;cooperation;restitution-made;minor-injury;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Hit and run focuses on leaving or failing to meet duties after involvement in a motor vehicle collision. | The person should know or reasonably know they were involved in a collision causing property damage, injury, or a need to exchange information. | Required conduct includes stopping, identifying oneself, exchanging required license or insurance information, and rendering or summoning reasonable aid when needed. | Reports should document the collision, driver knowledge, departure or failure to exchange information, victim or property damage, injuries, witness statements, and any later contact or surrender. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | hunting-violations | EF-PC-10-001 | EF-PC-10-001-A | Hunting Violations | Unlawful hunting based on location, license status, weapon type, time of day, harvest limits, or protected species. | hunting-in-restricted-areas | Hunting in Restricted Areas | infraction | homicide;infraction;licensing-status;regulatory;violent;weapon-related;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 21.2 | 450 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Hunting in restricted areas focuses on hunting activity outside designated lawful hunting zones. | Hunting includes taking, attempting to take, pursuing, trapping, killing, or harvesting game animals. | The location must be outside an allocated hunting area or inside an area closed to hunting. | Reports should document location, map or zone reference, animal or tracks observed, weapon or equipment used, harvest evidence, and suspect statements. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | hunting-violations | EF-PC-10-001 | EF-PC-10-001-B | Hunting Violations | Unlawful hunting based on location, license status, weapon type, time of day, harvest limits, or protected species. | unlicensed-hunting | Unlicensed Hunting | infraction | homicide;infraction;licensing-status;regulatory;violent;weapon-related;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 21.2 | 450 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Unlicensed hunting focuses on hunting activity without required licensing or authorization. | The suspect must engage in hunting conduct and lack the required license, tag, permit, or authorization for that activity. | Possessing hunting equipment alone is not enough unless the facts show hunting or attempted hunting. | Reports should document the hunting conduct, species or game involved, license check results, location, equipment, harvested items, and suspect statements. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | hunting-violations | EF-PC-10-001 | EF-PC-10-001-C | Hunting Violations | Unlawful hunting based on location, license status, weapon type, time of day, harvest limits, or protected species. | hunting-with-a-non-hunting-weapon | Hunting with a Non-Hunting Weapon | misdemeanor | government;homicide;licensing-status;misdemeanor;regulatory;violent;weapon-related;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 121.2 | 450 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Hunting with a non-hunting weapon focuses on use of weapons not authorized for lawful hunting. | The suspect must use or attempt to use the weapon in hunting activity, not merely possess it while outdoors. | The weapon should be unregistered for hunting, not sold or authorized as a hunting weapon, or otherwise unlawful for the species or area. | Reports should document the weapon, registration or store source, hunting conduct, species, location, shots or wounds, harvested items, and suspect statements. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | hunting-violations | EF-PC-10-001 | EF-PC-10-001-D | Hunting Violations | Unlawful hunting based on location, license status, weapon type, time of day, harvest limits, or protected species. | hunting-outside-of-hunting-hours | Hunting outside of Hunting Hours | infraction | homicide;infraction;licensing-status;regulatory;violent;weapon-related;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 21.2 | 450 | 0 | citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Hunting outside of hunting hours focuses on hunting activity outside the lawful time window for the area. | The hunting activity must occur before dawn, after dusk, or outside any special hours set for the area. | Traveling through a hunting area with equipment is not enough unless the facts show hunting or attempted hunting during prohibited hours. | Reports should document time, lighting conditions, location, observed hunting conduct, weapon or equipment, harvested items, and any applicable posted hours. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | hunting-violations | EF-PC-10-001 | EF-PC-10-001-E | Hunting Violations | Unlawful hunting based on location, license status, weapon type, time of day, harvest limits, or protected species. | overhunting | Overhunting | misdemeanor | licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession;regulatory;weapon-related;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 110.5 | 110 | 10 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Overhunting focuses on exceeding lawful harvest or possession limits for game and animal by-products. | The current limit is 200 kg per individual unless the active hunting area sets a different limit. | The weight may include combined meat, skins, fur, tusks, and other animal by-products tied to the suspect. | Reports should document weights, itemized animal products, location, group or individual ownership, scales or estimates used, and any seized items. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | hunting-violations | EF-PC-10-001 | EF-PC-10-001-F | Hunting Violations | Unlawful hunting based on location, license status, weapon type, time of day, harvest limits, or protected species. | animal-poaching | Animal Poaching | felony | commercial;economic;felony;homicide;licensing-status;possession;regulatory;sale-transfer;violent;weapon-related;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 235.4 | 1250 | 20 | cooperation;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Animal poaching focuses on unlawful taking or trafficking of protected or endangered species. | Protected species include mountain lions, bears, seagulls, capybara, and any other species designated by Fish and Wildlife. | The offense may be based on hunting, attempted hunting, possession, transport, sale, or harvest of the protected animal or its by-products. | Reports should document species identification, location, animal remains or by-products, weapon or trap, sale or transport facts, and any Fish and Wildlife confirmation. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | animal-cruelty | EF-PC-10-002 | EF-PC-10-002-A | Animal Cruelty | Malicious or unjustified harm to animals. | animal-cruelty | Animal Cruelty | misdemeanor | homicide;misdemeanor;regulatory;violent;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 121.2 | 450 | 10 | cooperation;minor-injury;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Animal cruelty focuses on unjustified harm to animals through malicious, intentional, reckless, or neglectful conduct. | The conduct should cause or risk meaningful injury, suffering, neglect, or death to an animal. | Valid self-defense, defense of others, humane euthanasia, lawful hunting, or other legal justification may defeat the charge. | Reports should document the animal, injury or condition, suspect conduct, intent or recklessness, veterinary or witness evidence, and any claimed justification. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | fishing-violations | EF-PC-10-003 | EF-PC-10-003-A | Fishing Violations | Unlawful fishing based on location, gear, prohibited species, size limits, possession, transport, sale, or daily catch limits. | fishing-in-an-unauthorized-zone | Fishing in an Unauthorized Zone | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;licensing-status;misdemeanor;possession;regulatory;sale-transfer;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 107.2 | 3275 | 5 | cooperation;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Fishing in an unauthorized zone focuses on fishing activity in waterways closed to sport or game fishing. | Prohibited fishing grounds include Zancudo River, Lago Zancudo Wetlands, Land Act Reservoir, and the Port of Los Santos unless otherwise authorized. | The offense may be based on fishing, attempted fishing, harvest, possession, transport, or sale of fish tied to the prohibited zone. | Reports should document location, waterway, fishing gear, fish or catch, officer observations, statements, and any map or Fish and Wildlife confirmation. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | fishing-violations | EF-PC-10-003 | EF-PC-10-003-B | Fishing Violations | Unlawful fishing based on location, gear, prohibited species, size limits, possession, transport, sale, or daily catch limits. | illegal-fishing | Illegal Fishing | misdemeanor | commercial;economic;misdemeanor;possession;regulatory;sale-transfer;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 129.1 | 6250 | 5 | cooperation;high-value-loss;prior-conviction;voluntary-surrender;first-offense | principal fine x1 time x1 | Illegal fishing focuses on prohibited gear, prohibited species, and fish outside lawful size limits. | Prohibited species may be caught for sport only if immediately released and not possessed, transported, or sold. | Lawful fish must meet the active size limits for the species; illegal hooks or other prohibited gear independently support the charge. | Reports should document species, length, quantity, gear, possession or sale facts, measurement method, release or retention, and any Fish and Wildlife confirmation. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | fishing-violations | EF-PC-10-003 | EF-PC-10-003-C | Fishing Violations | Unlawful fishing based on location, gear, prohibited species, size limits, possession, transport, sale, or daily catch limits. | overfishing | Overfishing | infraction | infraction;licensing-status;possession;regulatory;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 24.5 | 600 | 0 | high-value-loss;citation-discretion | principal fine x1 time x1 | Overfishing focuses on exceeding the daily catch limit for fish. | The daily catch limit is 30 fish per person per day unless a more specific active limit applies. | Fish tied to a group should be attributed to individuals based on possession, control, admissions, containers, vessel assignments, or other facts. | Reports should document fish count, persons involved, vessel or container location, inspection basis, species if relevant, and any fish above the limit. | True |
| offenses-involving-the-well-being-of-wildlife | Offenses Involving the Well-Being of Wildlife | police-working-dog-murder | EF-PC-10-004 | EF-PC-10-004-A | Killing of a Police Working Dog | Intentional killing, attempted killing, or accessory conduct involving a police working dog acting in the line of duty. | murder-of-a-police-working-dog | Killing of a Police Working Dog | felony | felony;homicide;regulatory;violent;wildlife;wildlife-animal | 413.2 | 4000 | 35 | cooperation;multiple-victims;medical-aid-rendered;prior-conviction;minimal-participation;voluntary-surrender;first-offense;firearm-discharged;weapon-used | principal fine x1 time x1;attempted fine x0.75 time x0.67;accessory fine x0.4375 time x0.4444 | Killing of a police working dog focuses on intentional and premeditated killing of a law-enforcement working dog in the line of duty. | The dog should be a police working dog that is deployed, assigned, training, assisting officers, or otherwise acting under law-enforcement control. | The principal offense requires willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing; attempted and accessory conduct should use the listed liability options when appropriate. | Reports should document the dog's duty status, handler or agency, suspect conduct, weapon or method, intent evidence, veterinary or death findings, and any attempt or accessory facts. | True |